Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

• The process by which activities are started, Directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met.

Question 2

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 2

• Type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separated from or external to that person.

Question 3

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 3

• Type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner.

Question 4

Instincts

Answer 4

• Biologically determines and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals.

Question 5

Need

Answer 5

• Requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism.

Question 6

Drive

Answer 6

• A psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension.

Question 7

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 7

• Approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal.

Question 8

Primary Drives

Answer 8

• Those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst.

Question 9

Acquired (secondary) drives

Answer 9

• Drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval.

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

• The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state.

Question 11

Need for affiliation (nAff)

Answer 11

• Need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others.

Question 12

Need for power (nPow)

Answer 12

• Need to have control or influence over others.

Question 13

Need for achievement (nAch)

Answer 13

• need that involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones.

Question 14

Stimulus motive

Answer 14

• Motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity.

Question 15

Arousal theory

Answer 15

• Theory of motivation - people are said to have optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation.

Question 16

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 16

• Law stating that when tasks are simple, a higher level of arousal wads to better performance; when tasks are difficult, lower levels of arousal lead to better performance.

Question 17

Sensation seeker

Answer 17

• Someone who needs more arousal than the average person.

Question 18

Incentives

Answer 18

• Things that attract or lure people into action.

Question 19

Incentive approaches

Answer 19

• theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and it’s rewarding properties.

Question 20

Self-actualization

Answer 20

• According to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential.

Question 21

Peak experience

Answer 21

-According to Maslow, times in a person’s life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved.

Question 22

Self-determination theory (SDT)

Answer 22

• Theory of human motivation in which the social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action.

Question 23

Factors of obesity

Answer 23

• Hereditary, hormones, overeating, stress, and slow metabolism.

Question 24

Emotion

Answer 24

• “feeling” aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings.

Question 25

Display rules

Answer 25

• Learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings.

Question 26

Five steps of GTD method (getting things done)

Answer 26

• 1. Get anything out of head that has your attention and physically collect it in one place. (Notebook, folder, etc. )
     
     2. Process and define what you can take action on and identify the steps. (Ex. Schedule meeting to discuss ideas instead of schedule meeting.)
     3. Organize information and reminders into categories or contexts, based on how and when you need them.
     4. Complete weekly reviews of projects, next actions, and new items that need to get done.
     5. Do next action in appropriate context or time frame for doing so.