Chapter 13 - Theories of Personality Flashcards
1
Q
Personality
A
- Unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave.
2
Q
Character
A
- Value judgements of a person’s moral and ethical behavior.
3
Q
Unconscious mind
A
- Level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntary brought into consciousness.
4
Q
Id
A
- part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.
5
Q
Pleasure principle
A
- Principle by which the id functions; the desire for the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences.
6
Q
Ego
A
- Part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality; mostly conscious, rational, and logical.
7
Q
Reality principle
A
- Principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result.
8
Q
Superego
A
- Part of the personality that acts as a moral center.
9
Q
Conscience
A
- Part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is.
10
Q
Psychological defense mechanisms
A
- Unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety.
11
Q
Psychosexual stages
A
- five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child.
12
Q
Fixation
A
- Disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage.
13
Q
Oral stage
A
- The first stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring in the first 18 months of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict.
14
Q
Anal stage
A
- Second stage in Freuds psychosexual stages, occurring from about 18 to 36 months of age, in which the Anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict.
15
Q
Phallic stage
A
- Third stage in Freuds psychosexual stages, occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings.
16
Q
Oedipus complex/ Electra complex
A
- Situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. Males develop an Oedipus complex whereas females develop an Electra complex.
17
Q
Latency
A
- fourth stage in Freuds psychosexual stages, occurring during the school
Years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.
18
Q
Genital stage
A
- Final stage in Freuds psychosexual stage; from puberty on, sexual urges are allowed back into consciousness and the individual moves towards adult social and sexual behavior.
19
Q
Five-Factor Model (Big Five)
A
- Model of personality traits that describe five basic trait dimensions.
20
Q
Extraverts
A
- People who are outgoing and sociable
21
Q
Introverts
A
- People who prefer solitude and dislike being the center of attention.
22
Q
Five trait dimensions (OCEAN)
A
- Openness: a person’s willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences.
- Conscientiousness: Person’s organization and motivation; people who are careful about being on time and careful with belongings.
- Extraversion: two personality types; Extraverts and Introverts.
- Agreeableness: Basic emotional style of a person; easy-going, friendly, and pleasant (high end of scale) or grumpy, crabby, and hard to get along with (low end of scale).
Neuroticism: emotional instability or stability; people who are excessive worriers, overanxious, and moody (high end of scale). Even tempered and calm (low end ).
