Chapter 9: Motivation And Emotion

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

An innate (unlearned) biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species

Question 3

Drive reduction theory

Answer 3

A need is a physical or biological deprivation that energies the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation. A drive is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. (Ex. hunger is your need and drive causes you to eat food.) The body’s way of achieving homeostasis

Question 4

Yerkes-Dodson law (optimum arousal theory)

Answer 4

The physiological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either high or low arousal

Question 5

Sexual orientation

Answer 5

The direction of an individuals erotic interest, today viewed as a continuum from exclusively male-female relations to exclusively same-gender relations

Question 6

Pansexual

Answer 6

A person’s sexual attractions do not depend on the biological sex, gender, or gender identity of others

Question 7

Asexual

Answer 7

A person’s experiences a lack of sexual attraction to others and may feel no sexual orientation

Question 8

LGBT

Answer 8

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

Maslow’s theory that human needs must be satisfied in the following sequence: physiological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self actualization

Question 10

Self actualization

Answer 10

The motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being- the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s proposed needs

Question 11

Self-determination-theory

Answer 11

Deci and Ryan’s theory asserting that all humans have three basics, innate, organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy

Question 12

Autonomy

Answer 12

The sense that we are in control of our own life

Question 13

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 13

Motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), as well as curiosity, challenge and fun

Question 14

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 14

Motivation that involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments

Question 15

Self regulation

Answer 15

The process by which an organism effortfully controls its behavior in order to pursue important objectives

Question 16

Emotion

Answer 16

Feeling, or affect, that can involve physiologic arousal (such as fast heartbeat), conscious experience (thinking about being in love with someone), and behavioral expression (a smile or grimace)

Question 17

James-langue theory

Answer 17

The theory that emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the external environment

Question 18

Canon-bard theory

Answer 18

The proposition that emotion and physiological reaction occur simultaneously

Question 19

Two factor theory of emotion

Answer 19

Schachter and signer’s theory that emotion is determined by two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling

Question 20

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 20

The idea that facial expressions can influence emotions and reflect them

Question 21

Display rules

Answer 21

Sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed

Question 22

Valence

Answer 22

Refers to whether and emotion is posative or negative

Question 23

Arousal level

Answer 23

The degree to which an emotion is reflected in a person’s being active, engaged, or excited versus being more passive, relativly disengaged, or calm