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Psychology > Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal behavior

A

Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time

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2
Q

Deviant

A

Abnormal behavior that is deviant from what is acceptable in a culture

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3
Q

Maladaptive

A

Behavior or characteristic that disrupts the person’s ability to lead a satisfying life, interfering with their ability to function effectively in the world

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4
Q

Personally distressful

A

The person engaging in the behavior finds it troubling.

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5
Q

Biological approach

A

Attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes. This perspective primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitters functioning as sources of abnormality

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6
Q

Medical model

A

The view that psychological disorders are medical diseases with a biological origin

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7
Q

Psychological approach

A

Emphasizes the contribution of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders

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8
Q

sociocultural approach

A

Emphasizes the social contexts in which a person lives and characteristics, including gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, family relationships, and culture

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9
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

From this perspective, biological, social, and psychological factors are all significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior

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10
Q

Vulnerability stress hypothesis (diathesis-stress model

A

A theory holding that preexisting conditions (genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, experiences, and so on) put an individual at risk of developing a psychological disorder

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11
Q

DSM-5

A

The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5 (DSM-5), 5th ed; the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States

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12
Q

ICD-10

A

Internal classification of diseases and related problems (ICD-10). Includes a chapter on mental health disorders. Created by the WHO.

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13
Q

Comorbidity

A

The simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in one person. The conditions are referred to as “comorbid”

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14
Q

Risk factors

A

Characteristics, experiences, or exposures that increase the likelihood that a person will develop a psychological disorder

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15
Q

Psychotherapy

A

A non medical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems

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16
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

Characterized by two key features: 1. People with ASD show persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across a variety of settings. 2. People with ASD show restrictive, repetitive behaviors, interest, and activities

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17
Q

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

One of the most common psychological disorders of childhood, in which individuals show one or more of the following: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity

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18
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Disabling (uncontrollable and disruptive) psychological disorders that feature in motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts

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19
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

Psychological disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reason for the anxiety

20
Q

Panic disorder

A

Anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onset of intense apprehension or terror, often without warning and with no specific cause

21
Q

Specific phobia

A

A psychological disorder in which an individual has an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation

22
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

An intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations

23
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

Disorder in which the individual has anxiety provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to preform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation

24
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

Anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, a severely oppressive situation, cruel abuse, or a natural or unnatural disaster

25
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Psychological disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory or change of identity due to the dissociation (seperation) of the individuals conscious awareness from previous memories, thoughts, emotions

26
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress

27
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

Formerly called multiple personality disorder, a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships

28
Q

Depressive disorders

A

Mood disorders in which the individual suffers from depression-an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life

29
Q

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

A

Psychological disorder involving a major depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks. Some symptoms include lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities, sleep dysregulation , sadness, lethargy, weight gain or loss, ect.

30
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state

31
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

32
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Eating disorder in which an individual (typically female) consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern

33
Q

Binge eating disorder (BED)

A

Eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food during which the person feels a lack of control over eating

34
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes; individuals suffering form schizophrenia may be referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality

35
Q

Psychosis

A

A state in which a person’s perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality

36
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli

37
Q

Delusions

A

False, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual’s culture

38
Q

Referential thinking

A

Ascribing personal meanings to completely random events

39
Q

Catatonia

A

State of immobilizes or unresponsiveness, lasting for long periods of time

40
Q

Flat affect

A

The display of little or no emotion- a common negative symptom of schizophrenia

41
Q

Personality disorders

A

Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual’s personality

42
Q

Personality disorders

A

Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual’s personality

43
Q

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

A

Psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit

44
Q

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

A

Psychological disorder characterized by pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

45
Q

Biological factors in suicide

A
  1. Parents or close relatives who have committed suicide. 2. Low levels of serotonin (increased chance by 10x) 3. Poor physical health
46
Q

Psychological factors in suicide

A

Psychological disorder, traumatic experiences, immediatly stressful experiences such as loss of loved one, unwanted pregnancy, or loss of employment, childhood bullying, and substance abuse

47
Q

Sociocultural factors in suicide

A

Economic hardship, poverty, native americas/Alaskan natives commit suicide at a higher rate (also have higher levels of alcohol abuse), men are more likely to die by suicide, women are more likely to make suicide attempts

Psychology (13 decks)

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