Chapter 13: Therapies Flashcards
Clinical psychology
An area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders
Psychotherapy
A non medical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems
Biological therapies
Also called biomedical therapies, treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of the body’s functioning
Psychiatrist
Medical doctors who specialize in treating psychological disorders
Sociocultural therapies
Treatments that acknowledge the relationships, roles, and cultural contexts that characterize an individual’s life, often bringing them into the therapeutic context
Evidence based practices
Integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of clients characteristics, culture, and preferences
Therapeutic alliance
The relationship between the therapist and client- an important element of successful psychotherapy
Psychodynamic therapies
Treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of the individual’s problems
Psychoanalysis
Frued’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s unconscious thoughts
Free association
A psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Interpretation
A psychoanalyst’s search for symbolic, hidden meanings in what the client says and does during therapy
Dream analysis
A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person’s dreams
Transference
A client’s relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relieve important relationships in the clients life
Resistance
A client’s unconscious defense strategies that prevent the person from gaining insight into their psychological problems
Humanistic therapies
Treatments that uniquely emphasize people’s self-healing capacities and that encourage clients to understand themselves and grow personally
Client-centered therapy
Also called rogerian therapy or no directive therapy, a form of humanistic therapy, developed by rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into their problems
Reflective speech
A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client’s own feelings back to the client
Genuineness
(Humanistic therapies) the therapist is a real person in the relationship with the client, sharing feeling and not hiding behind a facade of objectivity
Behavior therapies
Treatments, based on behavioral and social cognitive theories, that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
Systematic desensitization
A behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations
Cognitive therapies
Treatments emphasizing that cognitions (thoughts) are the main source of psychological problems; therapies that attempt to change the individual’s feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions
Cognitive restructuring
A general concept for changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotions, is central to cognitive therapies
Cognitive-behavioral-therapy (CBT)
A therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with he goal of developing the client’s self-efficacy
Integrative therapy
Using a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapists judgements of which particular methods will provide the greatest benefit for the client
Anti anxiety drugs
Commonly known as tranquilizers, drugs that reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable
Antidepressant drugs
Drugs that regulate mood
Lithium
The lightest of the solid elements in the periodic table of elements, widely used to treat bipolar disorder
Antipsychotic drugs
Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in an individual with a severe psychological disorder, especially schizophrenia
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Also called shock therapy, a treatment, sometimes used for depression, that sets of a seizure in the brain
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Uses a magnet rather than an electrical current to stimulate the brain, and has been approved by the FDA as a treatment for people who have not responded to at least 1 antidepressant medication.
Group therapy
A sociocultural approach to the treatment of psychological disorder that brings together individuals who share particular psychological disorders in sessions that are typically led by a mental health professional
Family therappy
Group family among family members
Couples therapy
Group therapy involving married or unmarried couples whose major problem lies within their relationship
Self-help support groups
Voluntary organization of people who get together on a regular basis to discuss topics of common interest
Cross-cultural competence
A therapist’s assessment of their abilities to manage cultural issues in therapy and the client’s perception of those abilities
