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Human Anatomy > Chapter 9- Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Structural characteristics of Fibrous Joints:

A

Adjoining bones connected by collagen fibers

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2
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints:

A

Suture (short fibers)
Syndesmosis (longer fibers)
Gomphosis (periodontal ligament)

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3
Q

Sutures

A

Joint is held together with very short, interconnecting fibers, and bone edges interlock. Immobile. Found only in skull.

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4
Q

Structural characteristics of Cartilaginous joints:

A

Adjoining bones united by cartilage

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5
Q

Types of Cartilaginous joints:

A

Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage) - immobile

Symphysis (fibrocartilage) - slightly moveable

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6
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Joint is held together by a ligament. Fibrous tissue can vary in length but is longer in sutures. Slightly mobile and immobile.

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7
Q

Gomphosis

A

Peg-in-socket fibrous joint. Periodontal ligament holds tooth in socket. Immobile.

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8
Q

Structural characteristics of Synovial joints:

A

Adjoining bones separated by a joint cavity, covered with articular cartilage, and enclosed within an articular capsule lined with synovial membrane.

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9
Q

Types of Synovial joints:

A 
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Ball-and-socket

All are freely movable; movements depend on design of joint.

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10
Q

3 Structural Classes of joints:

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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11
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing angle between two joints

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12
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between bones

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13
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a limb away from the body midline

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14
Q

Adduction

A

Moving a limb toward the body midline

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15
Q

Elevation

A

Lifting a body part superiorly (up)

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16
Q

Depression

A

Moving a body part inferiorly (down)

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17
Q

Protraction

A

Moving a body part in the anterior direction

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18
Q

Retraction

A

Moving a body part in the posterior direction

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19
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly

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20
Q

Supination

A

Rotating the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly

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21
Q

Inversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot medially (inward)

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22
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Lifting foot up so toes point upward toward the shin

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23
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing toes downward

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24
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving a limb or finger in a circular motion

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25
Q

Hyperextension

A

Bending a joint beyond its normal range of motion

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26
Q

Elevation

A

Lifting a body part superiorly (up)

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27
Q

Depression

A

Moving a body part inferiorly (down)

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28
Q

Protraction

A

Moving a body part in the anterior direction

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29
Q

Retraction

A

Moving a body part in the posterior direction

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30
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly

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31
Q

Opposition

A

Moving the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers

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32
Q

Eversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot laterally (outward)

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33
Q

Plane joint movement:

A

Nonaxial movement: gliding

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34
Q

Plane joint location:

A

Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints
Joints between vertebral articular surfaces

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35
Q

Hinge joint movement:

A

Unaxial movement: flexion and extension

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36
Q

Hinge joint locations:

A

Elbow joints

Interphalangeal joints

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37
Q

Pivot joint movement:

A

Unaxial movement: rotation

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38
Q

Pivot joint location:

A

Proximal radioulnar joints

Atlantoaxial joint

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39
Q

Condylar joint movement:

A

Biaxial movement:

flexion and extension; adduction and abduction

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40
Q

Condylar joint locations:

A

Knuckle joints

Wrist joints

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41
Q

Saddle joint movement:

A

Biaxial movement: adduction and abduction; flexion and extension

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42
Q

Saddle joint locations:

A

Between trapezium and the 1st metacarpal

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43
Q

Ball-and-socket joint movement:

A

Multiaxial movement: flexion and extension
Adduction and abduction
Rotation

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44
Q

Ball-and-socket joint location:

A

Should joints and hip joints

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45
Q

Articulating bones in skull:

A

Cranial and facial bones

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46
Q

Structural type of joints in the skull:

A

Fibrous; suture

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47
Q

Functional type of joints in skull:

A

Synarthrotic (no movement)

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48
Q

Articulating bones in the temporomandibular:

A

Temporal none of skull and mandible

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49
Q

Structural type of joints in the temporomandibular:

A

Synovial; modified hinge

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50
Q

Functional type of joints in the temporomandibular:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding; slight lateral movement, elevation, depression, protraction and retraction of mandible

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51
Q

Articulating bones in the Atlanto-occipital:

A

Occipital bone of skull and atlas

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52
Q

Structural type of joints in the Atlantic-occipital:

A

Synovial; condylar

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53
Q

Functional type of joints in the Atlanto-occipital:

A

Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion extension, lateral flexion, circumduction of head on neck

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54
Q

Articulating bones in the atlantoaxial:

A

Atlas (C1) and axis (C2)

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55
Q

Structural type of joints in the atlantoaxial:

A

Synovial; pivot

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56
Q

Functional type of joints in the atlantoaxial:

A

Diarthrotic; uniaxial; rotation of the head

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57
Q

Articulating bones in the intervertebral (upper):

A

Between adjacent vertebral bodies

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58
Q

Structural type of joints between adjacent vertebral bodies:

A

Cartilaginous; symphysis

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59
Q

Functional type of joints in between adjacent vertebral bodies:

A

Amphiarthrotic; slight movement

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60
Q

Articulating bones in the intervertebral (lower):

A

Between articular processes

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61
Q

Structural type of joints in between articular processes:

A

Synovial; plane

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62
Q

Functional type of joints in between articular processes:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding

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63
Q

Articulating bones in the costovertebral:

A

Vertebrae and ribs

64
Q

Structural type of joints in the costovertebral:

A

Synovial; plane

65
Q

Functional type of joints in the costovertebral:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding of ribs

66
Q

Articulating bones in the sternoclavicular:

A

Sternum and clavicle

67
Q

Structural type of joints in the sternoclavicular:

A

Synovial; shallow saddle

68
Q

Functional type of joints in the sternoclavicular:

A

Diarthrotic; multiaxial

69
Q

Articulating bones in the sternocostal (first):

A

Sternum and rib 1

70
Q

Structural type of joints in the sternum and rib 1:

A

Cartilaginous; synchondrosis

71
Q

Functional type of joints in the sternum and rib 1:

A

Synarthrotic (no movement)

72
Q

Articulating bones in the sternocostal (lower):

A

Sternum and ribs 2-7

73
Q

Structural type of joints in the sternum and ribs 2-7:

A

Synovial; double plane

74
Q

Functional type of joints in the sternum and ribs 2-7:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding

75
Q

Articulating bones in the acromioclavicular:

A

Acromion of scapula and clavicle

76
Q

Structural type of joints in the acromioclavicular:

A

Synovial; plane

77
Q

Functional type of joints in the acromioclavicular:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle

78
Q

Articulating bones in the shoulder:

A

Scapula and humerus

79
Q

Structural type of joints in the shoulder:

A

Synovial; ball-and-socket

80
Q

Functional type of joints in the shoulder:

A

Diarthrotic; multiaxial; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction rotation of humerus

81
Q

Articulating bones in the elbow:

A

Ulna (and radius) with humerus

82
Q

Structural type of joints in the elbow:

A

Synovial; hinge

83
Q

Functional type of joints in the elbow:

A

Diarthrotic; uniaxial; flexion, extension of forearm

84
Q

Articulating bones in the proximal radioulnar:

A

Radius and ulna

85
Q

Structural type of joints in the proximal radioulnar:

A

Synovial; pivot

86
Q

Functional type of joints in the proximal radioulnar:

A

Diarthrotic; uniaxial; rotation of radius around long axis of forearm to allow pronation and supination

87
Q

Articulating bones in the distal radioulnar:

A

Radius and ulna

88
Q

Structural type of joints in the distal radioulnar:

A

Synovial; pivot

89
Q

Functional type of joints in the distal radioulnar:

A

Diarthrotic; uniaxial; rotation

90
Q

Articulating bones in the wrist:

A

Radius and proximal carpals

91
Q

Structural type of joints in the wrist:

A

Synovial; condylar

92
Q

Functional type of joints in the wrist:

A

Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction of hand

93
Q

Articulating bones in the Intercarpal:

A

Adjacent carpals

94
Q

Structural type of joints in the Intercarpal:

A

Synovial; plane

95
Q

Functional type of joints in the Intercarpal:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding

96
Q

Articulating bones in the carpometacarpal of digit 1 (thumb):

A

Carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal 1

97
Q

Structural type of joints in the carpometacarpal of digit 1:

A

Synovial; saddle

98
Q

Functional type of joints in the carpometacarpal of digit 1:

A

Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, opposition of metacarpal 1

99
Q

Articulating bones in the carpometacarpal digits of 2-5:

A

Carpal(s) and metacarpal(s)

100
Q

Structural type of joints in the carpometacarpal of digits 2-5:

A

Synovial; plane

101
Q

Functional type of joints in the carpometacarpal of digits 2-5:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding of metacarpals

102
Q

Articulating bones in the metacarpophalangeal:

A

Metacarpal and proximal phalanx

103
Q

Structural type of joints in the metacarpophalangeal:

A

Synovial; condylar

104
Q

Functional type of joints in the metacarpophalangeal:

A

Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction of fingers

105
Q

Articulating bones in the interphalangeal:

A

Adjacent phalanges

106
Q

Structural type of joints in the interphalangeal:

A

Synovial; hinge

107
Q

Functional type of joints in the interphalangeal:

A

Diarthrotic; uniaxial; flexion, extension of fingers and toes

108
Q

Articulating bones in the sacroiliac:

A

Sacrum and coxal bone

109
Q

Structural type of joints in the sacroiliac:

A

Synovial in childhood; increasingly fibrous in adult

110
Q

Functional type of joints in the sacroiliac:

A

Diarthrotic in childhood; modified amphiarthrotic in adult

111
Q

Articulating bones in the pubic symphysis:

A

Pubic bones

112
Q

Structural type of joints in the pubic symphysis:

A

Cartilaginous; symphysis

113
Q

Functional type of joints in the pubic symphysis:

A

Amphiarthrotic (slight movement) enhanced during pregnancy

114
Q

Articulating bones in the hip:

A

Hip bone and femur

115
Q

Structural type of joints in the hip:

A

Synovial; ball-and-socket

116
Q

Functional type of joints in the hip:

A

Diarthrotic; multiaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction of femur

117
Q

Articulating bones in the tibiofemoral:

A

Femur and tibia

118
Q

Structural type of joints in the tibiofemoral:

A

Synovial; modified hinge

119
Q

Functional type of joints in the tibiofemoral:

A

Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension of leg, some rotation allowed

120
Q

Articulating bones in the femoropatellar:

A

Femur and the patella

121
Q

Structural type of joints in the femoropatellar:

A

Synovial; plane

122
Q

Functional type of joints in the femoropatellar:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding of patella

123
Q

Articulating bones in the superior tibiofibular:

A

Tibia and fibula (proximally)

124
Q

Structural type of joints in the superior tibiofibular:

A

Synovial; plane

125
Q

Functional type of joints in the superior tibiofibular:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding of fibula

126
Q

Articulating bones in the inferior tibiofibular:

A

Tibia and fibula (distally)

127
Q

Structural type of joints in the inferior tibiofibular:

A

Fibrous; syndesmosis

128
Q

Functional type of joints in the inferior tibiofibular:

A

Synarthrotic; slight give during dorsiflexion of foot

129
Q

Articulating bones in the ankle:

A

Tibia and fibula with talus

130
Q

Structural type of joints in the ankle:

A

Synovial; hinge

131
Q

Functional type of joints in the ankle:

A

Diarthrotic; uniaxial; dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of foot

132
Q

Articulating bones in the intertarsal:

A

Adjacent tarsals

133
Q

Structural type of joints in the Intertarsal:

A

Synovial; plane

134
Q

Functional type of joints in the Intertarsal:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding; inversion and eversion of foot

135
Q

Articulating bones in the tarsometatarsal:

A

Tarsal(s) and metatarsal(s)

136
Q

Structural type of joints in the tarsometatarsal:

A

Synovial; plane

137
Q

Functional type of joints in the tarsometatarsal:

A

Diarthrotic; gliding of metatarsals

138
Q

Articulating bones in the metatarsophalangeal:

A

Metatarsals and proximal phalanx

139
Q

Structural type of joints in the metatarsophalangeal:

A

Synovial; condylar

140
Q

Functional type of joints in the metatarsophalangeal:

A

Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction of great toe

141
Q

Define a joint:

A

Junction of two or more elements of the skeleton; an articulation

142
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joints

143
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable joints

144
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joints

145
Q

Six basic features of synovial joints:

A 
Articular cartilage 
Joint cavity
Articular capsule 
Synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments
Nerves and vessels
146
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Ends of opposing bones made of hyaline cartilage.

Absorb compressive forces.

147
Q

Joint cavities

A

Potential space that holds small amount of synovial fluid

148
Q

Articular capsule

A

Lines joint capsule. Covers all internal joint surfaces not covered by cartilage.

Makes synovial fluid

149
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Viscous liquid inside joint cavity. Filtrates blood. Eases movement at joint. Occurs within articular cartilage and nourishes cells.

150
Q

Reinforcing ligaments

A

Strength by capsular ligaments. Sometimes ligaments are extracapsular or intracapsular

151
Q

Nerves and vessels

A

A lot of nerve fibers that innervate articular capsule. Some Detect pain. Most monitor how much capsule is being stretched. Blood vessels supply synovial membrane.

152
Q

What factors influence the stability of a joint:

A

Shapes of articular surface.

Number and position of stabilizing ligaments.

Muscle tone.

153
Q

Articular discs:

A

Certain synovial joints that contain a disc of fibrocartilage. Found in temporomandibular joint, sternoclavicular joint, and knee joint

154
Q

Bursa:

A

Flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane.

155
Q

Tendon sheath:

A

Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon like a bun around hot dog. Occur only in tendons subject to friction.

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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