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Human Anatomy > Chapter 9- Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Structural characteristics of Fibrous Joints:

A

Adjoining bones connected by collagen fibers

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2
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints:

A

Suture (short fibers)
Syndesmosis (longer fibers)
Gomphosis (periodontal ligament)

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3
Q

Sutures

A

Joint is held together with very short, interconnecting fibers, and bone edges interlock. Immobile. Found only in skull.

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4
Q

Structural characteristics of Cartilaginous joints:

A

Adjoining bones united by cartilage

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5
Q

Types of Cartilaginous joints:

A

Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage) - immobile

Symphysis (fibrocartilage) - slightly moveable

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6
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Joint is held together by a ligament. Fibrous tissue can vary in length but is longer in sutures. Slightly mobile and immobile.

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7
Q

Gomphosis

A

Peg-in-socket fibrous joint. Periodontal ligament holds tooth in socket. Immobile.

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8
Q

Structural characteristics of Synovial joints:

A

Adjoining bones separated by a joint cavity, covered with articular cartilage, and enclosed within an articular capsule lined with synovial membrane.

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9
Q

Types of Synovial joints:

A 
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Ball-and-socket

All are freely movable; movements depend on design of joint.

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10
Q

3 Structural Classes of joints:

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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11
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing angle between two joints

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12
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between bones

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13
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a limb away from the body midline

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14
Q

Adduction

A

Moving a limb toward the body midline

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15
Q

Elevation

A

Lifting a body part superiorly (up)

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16
Q

Depression

A

Moving a body part inferiorly (down)

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17
Q

Protraction

A

Moving a body part in the anterior direction

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18
Q

Retraction

A

Moving a body part in the posterior direction

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19
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly

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20
Q

Supination

A

Rotating the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly

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21
Q

Inversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot medially (inward)

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22
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Lifting foot up so toes point upward toward the shin

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23
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing toes downward

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24
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving a limb or finger in a circular motion

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25
Hyperextension
Bending a joint beyond its normal range of motion
26
Elevation
Lifting a body part superiorly (up)
27
Depression
Moving a body part inferiorly (down)
28
Protraction
Moving a body part in the anterior direction
29
Retraction
Moving a body part in the posterior direction
30
Pronation
Rotating the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly
31
Opposition
Moving the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers
32
Eversion
Turning the sole of the foot laterally (outward)
33
Plane joint movement:
Nonaxial movement: gliding
34
Plane joint location:
Intercarpal joints Intertarsal joints Joints between vertebral articular surfaces
35
Hinge joint movement:
Unaxial movement: flexion and extension
36
Hinge joint locations:
Elbow joints | Interphalangeal joints
37
Pivot joint movement:
Unaxial movement: rotation
38
Pivot joint location:
Proximal radioulnar joints | Atlantoaxial joint
39
Condylar joint movement:
Biaxial movement: | flexion and extension; adduction and abduction
40
Condylar joint locations:
Knuckle joints | Wrist joints
41
Saddle joint movement:
Biaxial movement: adduction and abduction; flexion and extension
42
Saddle joint locations:
Between trapezium and the 1st metacarpal
43
Ball-and-socket joint movement:
Multiaxial movement: flexion and extension Adduction and abduction Rotation
44
Ball-and-socket joint location:
Should joints and hip joints
45
Articulating bones in skull:
Cranial and facial bones
46
Structural type of joints in the skull:
Fibrous; suture
47
Functional type of joints in skull:
Synarthrotic (no movement)
48
Articulating bones in the temporomandibular:
Temporal none of skull and mandible
49
Structural type of joints in the temporomandibular:
Synovial; modified hinge
50
Functional type of joints in the temporomandibular:
Diarthrotic; gliding; slight lateral movement, elevation, depression, protraction and retraction of mandible
51
Articulating bones in the Atlanto-occipital:
Occipital bone of skull and atlas
52
Structural type of joints in the Atlantic-occipital:
Synovial; condylar
53
Functional type of joints in the Atlanto-occipital:
Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion extension, lateral flexion, circumduction of head on neck
54
Articulating bones in the atlantoaxial:
Atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
55
Structural type of joints in the atlantoaxial:
Synovial; pivot
56
Functional type of joints in the atlantoaxial:
Diarthrotic; uniaxial; rotation of the head
57
Articulating bones in the intervertebral (upper):
Between adjacent vertebral bodies
58
Structural type of joints between adjacent vertebral bodies:
Cartilaginous; symphysis
59
Functional type of joints in between adjacent vertebral bodies:
Amphiarthrotic; slight movement
60
Articulating bones in the intervertebral (lower):
Between articular processes
61
Structural type of joints in between articular processes:
Synovial; plane
62
Functional type of joints in between articular processes:
Diarthrotic; gliding
63
Articulating bones in the costovertebral:
Vertebrae and ribs
64
Structural type of joints in the costovertebral:
Synovial; plane
65
Functional type of joints in the costovertebral:
Diarthrotic; gliding of ribs
66
Articulating bones in the sternoclavicular:
Sternum and clavicle
67
Structural type of joints in the sternoclavicular:
Synovial; shallow saddle
68
Functional type of joints in the sternoclavicular:
Diarthrotic; multiaxial
69
Articulating bones in the sternocostal (first):
Sternum and rib 1
70
Structural type of joints in the sternum and rib 1:
Cartilaginous; synchondrosis
71
Functional type of joints in the sternum and rib 1:
Synarthrotic (no movement)
72
Articulating bones in the sternocostal (lower):
Sternum and ribs 2-7
73
Structural type of joints in the sternum and ribs 2-7:
Synovial; double plane
74
Functional type of joints in the sternum and ribs 2-7:
Diarthrotic; gliding
75
Articulating bones in the acromioclavicular:
Acromion of scapula and clavicle
76
Structural type of joints in the acromioclavicular:
Synovial; plane
77
Functional type of joints in the acromioclavicular:
Diarthrotic; gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle
78
Articulating bones in the shoulder:
Scapula and humerus
79
Structural type of joints in the shoulder:
Synovial; ball-and-socket
80
Functional type of joints in the shoulder:
Diarthrotic; multiaxial; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction rotation of humerus
81
Articulating bones in the elbow:
Ulna (and radius) with humerus
82
Structural type of joints in the elbow:
Synovial; hinge
83
Functional type of joints in the elbow:
Diarthrotic; uniaxial; flexion, extension of forearm
84
Articulating bones in the proximal radioulnar:
Radius and ulna
85
Structural type of joints in the proximal radioulnar:
Synovial; pivot
86
Functional type of joints in the proximal radioulnar:
Diarthrotic; uniaxial; rotation of radius around long axis of forearm to allow pronation and supination
87
Articulating bones in the distal radioulnar:
Radius and ulna
88
Structural type of joints in the distal radioulnar:
Synovial; pivot
89
Functional type of joints in the distal radioulnar:
Diarthrotic; uniaxial; rotation
90
Articulating bones in the wrist:
Radius and proximal carpals
91
Structural type of joints in the wrist:
Synovial; condylar
92
Functional type of joints in the wrist:
Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction of hand
93
Articulating bones in the Intercarpal:
Adjacent carpals
94
Structural type of joints in the Intercarpal:
Synovial; plane
95
Functional type of joints in the Intercarpal:
Diarthrotic; gliding
96
Articulating bones in the carpometacarpal of digit 1 (thumb):
Carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal 1
97
Structural type of joints in the carpometacarpal of digit 1:
Synovial; saddle
98
Functional type of joints in the carpometacarpal of digit 1:
Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, opposition of metacarpal 1
99
Articulating bones in the carpometacarpal digits of 2-5:
Carpal(s) and metacarpal(s)
100
Structural type of joints in the carpometacarpal of digits 2-5:
Synovial; plane
101
Functional type of joints in the carpometacarpal of digits 2-5:
Diarthrotic; gliding of metacarpals
102
Articulating bones in the metacarpophalangeal:
Metacarpal and proximal phalanx
103
Structural type of joints in the metacarpophalangeal:
Synovial; condylar
104
Functional type of joints in the metacarpophalangeal:
Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction of fingers
105
Articulating bones in the interphalangeal:
Adjacent phalanges
106
Structural type of joints in the interphalangeal:
Synovial; hinge
107
Functional type of joints in the interphalangeal:
Diarthrotic; uniaxial; flexion, extension of fingers and toes
108
Articulating bones in the sacroiliac:
Sacrum and coxal bone
109
Structural type of joints in the sacroiliac:
Synovial in childhood; increasingly fibrous in adult
110
Functional type of joints in the sacroiliac:
Diarthrotic in childhood; modified amphiarthrotic in adult
111
Articulating bones in the pubic symphysis:
Pubic bones
112
Structural type of joints in the pubic symphysis:
Cartilaginous; symphysis
113
Functional type of joints in the pubic symphysis:
Amphiarthrotic (slight movement) enhanced during pregnancy
114
Articulating bones in the hip:
Hip bone and femur
115
Structural type of joints in the hip:
Synovial; ball-and-socket
116
Functional type of joints in the hip:
Diarthrotic; multiaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction of femur
117
Articulating bones in the tibiofemoral:
Femur and tibia
118
Structural type of joints in the tibiofemoral:
Synovial; modified hinge
119
Functional type of joints in the tibiofemoral:
Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension of leg, some rotation allowed
120
Articulating bones in the femoropatellar:
Femur and the patella
121
Structural type of joints in the femoropatellar:
Synovial; plane
122
Functional type of joints in the femoropatellar:
Diarthrotic; gliding of patella
123
Articulating bones in the superior tibiofibular:
Tibia and fibula (proximally)
124
Structural type of joints in the superior tibiofibular:
Synovial; plane
125
Functional type of joints in the superior tibiofibular:
Diarthrotic; gliding of fibula
126
Articulating bones in the inferior tibiofibular:
Tibia and fibula (distally)
127
Structural type of joints in the inferior tibiofibular:
Fibrous; syndesmosis
128
Functional type of joints in the inferior tibiofibular:
Synarthrotic; slight give during dorsiflexion of foot
129
Articulating bones in the ankle:
Tibia and fibula with talus
130
Structural type of joints in the ankle:
Synovial; hinge
131
Functional type of joints in the ankle:
Diarthrotic; uniaxial; dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of foot
132
Articulating bones in the intertarsal:
Adjacent tarsals
133
Structural type of joints in the Intertarsal:
Synovial; plane
134
Functional type of joints in the Intertarsal:
Diarthrotic; gliding; inversion and eversion of foot
135
Articulating bones in the tarsometatarsal:
Tarsal(s) and metatarsal(s)
136
Structural type of joints in the tarsometatarsal:
Synovial; plane
137
Functional type of joints in the tarsometatarsal:
Diarthrotic; gliding of metatarsals
138
Articulating bones in the metatarsophalangeal:
Metatarsals and proximal phalanx
139
Structural type of joints in the metatarsophalangeal:
Synovial; condylar
140
Functional type of joints in the metatarsophalangeal:
Diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction of great toe
141
Define a joint:
Junction of two or more elements of the skeleton; an articulation
142
Synarthrosis
Immovable joints
143
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joints
144
Diarthrosis
Freely movable joints
145
Six basic features of synovial joints:
``` Articular cartilage Joint cavity Articular capsule Synovial fluid Reinforcing ligaments Nerves and vessels ```
146
Articular cartilage
Ends of opposing bones made of hyaline cartilage. Absorb compressive forces.
147
Joint cavities
Potential space that holds small amount of synovial fluid
148
Articular capsule
Lines joint capsule. Covers all internal joint surfaces not covered by cartilage. Makes synovial fluid
149
Synovial fluid
Viscous liquid inside joint cavity. Filtrates blood. Eases movement at joint. Occurs within articular cartilage and nourishes cells.
150
Reinforcing ligaments
Strength by capsular ligaments. Sometimes ligaments are extracapsular or intracapsular
151
Nerves and vessels
A lot of nerve fibers that innervate articular capsule. Some Detect pain. Most monitor how much capsule is being stretched. Blood vessels supply synovial membrane.
152
What factors influence the stability of a joint:
Shapes of articular surface. Number and position of stabilizing ligaments. Muscle tone.
153
Articular discs:
Certain synovial joints that contain a disc of fibrocartilage. Found in temporomandibular joint, sternoclavicular joint, and knee joint
154
Bursa:
Flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane.
155
Tendon sheath:
Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon like a bun around hot dog. Occur only in tendons subject to friction.

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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