Chapter 9-intelligence And IQ Testing Flashcards
What did Galton and Cattell believe intelligence is a byproduct of?
Sensory capacity.
- believed that people with superior sensory capacities, like better eyesight, should acquire more knowledge than other people. -intelligence is heritable
- verbal ability
- their claims were falsified later on
What was Alfred Binet’s views on intelligence?
In contrast to Galton, they developed the first intelligence test which was designed to distinguish students that teachers perceived is plodding learners from other learners(in need of training)
- focus on education
- virtually all items on modern intelligence tests have followed Binet and Simon’s lead
- had idea of mental age: abstract thinking, mental abilities of a typical child of that chronological age
Define intelligence test
Diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability
Define abstract thinking
The capacity to understand the concepts, rather than concepts in the here and now
What are some ways intelligence is described as
- understand complex ideas
- learn to adapt effectively to the environment
- to learn from experience
- acquire knowledge
What spearman hypothesize
g( General intelligence) hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people
-he thought, some people have more powerful, more effective and efficient brains than others. They have more g
What is Cattell’s fluid and crystallized intelligence ?
Fluid intelligence refers to the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems while crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulated knowledge of the world we acquire overtime
What is the factor called S that Spearman developed
S =specific abilities
-according to Spearman, how will we perform on a given mental task depends not only on a general smarts(g) but also on our particular skills in narrow domain(s)
Define Gardner’s multiple intelligences
Idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skills
-according to Gardner, there are numerous “frames of mind”, or different ways of thinking about the world with each frame of mind being different and a fully independent intelligence in its own right.
Ex. Taylor Swift is musician with musical intelligence while professional tennis player Serena Williams has impressive bodily kinesthetic intelligence
What is Sternberg’s Triarchic model
Model of intelligence showing there’s more to intelligence then just g. three distinct types of intelligence: analytical(book smarts) practical(street smarts), and creative(creativity)
What’s a current controversy with intelligence
Is it unitary or multifaceted?
What do we use intelligence tests for
- diagnosis of children with special needs
- placement of children in enrichment programs
- screening of potential employees
- IQ testing and legal issues
What is the Stanford-Binet IQ test?
Intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Stanford University
-consists of a wide variety of tasks such as vocabulary tests, naming familiar objects, repeating sentences and following commands
What is IQ? And what is the critical flaw in the formula
Intelligence quotient- invented by Wilhelm Stern
- formula: divide mental age by chronological age and multiply by 100
- mental age is the average persons performance on an intelligence test
- flaw: mental age scores increase progressively in childhood, but start to level out at around age 16 but our chronological age increases with time(result in everyone’s IQ getting lower as they get older)
What is deviation IQ?
Statistic that makes up for the flaw in the IQ formula when computing the IQ for adults
-expresses each person’s IQ relative to the norms for his or her age group
What is Eugenics?
- movement in the early 20th century to improve a populations genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce and discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing.
- many immigrants with countries that generally had low IQ’s were restricted from entering North America
- law passed in Canada requiring the sterilization of low IQ individuals
- Galton what s the founder of this movement
What is the WAIS?
Wechsler Adult intelligence Scale
- most widely assess intelligence in adults
- consisting of 15 subsets to assess different ferent types of mental abilities
What is the WIPPSI and the WISC
WISC= wechsler intelligence scale for children
WIPPSI= wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of intelligence
-both versions of the WAIS are adapted for older and younger children
What is the culture-fair IQ test? Give example
-abstract reasoning measure that doesn’t depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests
Ex. Ravens Progressive Matrices, nonverbal measure of intelligence
What’s one major criticism of IQ tests
Their heavy reliance on language
-test takers who aren’t fluent in the native language may do poorly on IQ tests largely because the ph don’t comprehend the test instructions or the questions
What is the test-retest reliability
Refers to the extent to which scores on a measure administered several times are roughly identical
What is intellectual disability
condition characterized by an onset prior to adulthood, an IQ below about 70, and an inability to engage in adequate daily functioning
What are amplitude, psychological, intelligence and achievement tests
Amplitude test- assess specific types of mental abilities(their potential); how good someone might be at a specific ability (mathematical ability) ex. SAT, GRE
Achievement test- mastery and knowledge; you’ve been exposed to information now you need to preform(midterm)
Psychological test- standardized measure of behaviour
Intelligence test- (Binet and Simon) measure overall thinking abilities; how do you deal with new information Ex. WAIS
What are two types of studies that help to answer the debate of whether intelligence is determined by nature or nurture
Twin studies- identical twins raised apart appear to be about as similar on IQ tests as identical twins
Adoptive studies-indicate that the IQ’s of adopted children tend to be similar to the IQ’s of their biological parents, offering evidence to genetic influences
