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psychology Part 2 > Chapter 9 Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

Intelligence test

A

Diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability.

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2
Q

Abstract thinking

A

Capacity to understand hypothetical concepts

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3
Q

Intelligence consists of:

A

Reason abstractly
Learn to adapt
Acquire knowledge
Benefit from experience

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4
Q

g(General intelligence)

A

Hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people

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5
Q

s (Specific abilities)

A

Particular ability level in a narrow domain

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6
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems

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7
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time

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8
Q

Multiple intelligence

A

Idea that people vary markedly in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill

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9
Q

Triarchic model

A

Model of intelligence proposed by Robert sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative.

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10
Q

Analytical intelligence

A

The ability to reason logically (book smarts)

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11
Q

Practical intelligence

A

Ability to solve real world problems especially those involving other people. (Street smart). Has social intelligence

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12
Q

Creative intelligence

A

Our ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions.

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13
Q

Location of intelligence

A

More localized to certain areas of the cortex. Prefrontal cortex: might be command and control center that pulls together info from other parts of the brain to help us think. Look at page 325 in textbook

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14
Q

Intelligence and memory.

A

Page 326

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15
Q

Biological bases of intelligence

A

Page 324

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16
Q

Stanford Binet IQ test

A

Intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon. Measures that involve testing vocab and memory for pictures, naming familiar objects repeating sentences and following commands.

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17
Q

Intelligence quotient

A

Systematic means of quantifying differences of intelligence among people. Divide mental age by chronological age and multiply the resulting number by 100

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18
Q

Mental age

A

Age corresponding to the average individuals performance on an intelligence test

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19
Q

Deviation IQ

A

Expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same aged peers

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20
Q

Wechsler adult intelligence scale

A

Most widely use intelligence test for adults today. Consists of 15 subtests to assess different types of metal abilities

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21
Q

Culture fair IQ test

A

Abstract reasoning measures that doesn’t depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests

22
Q

Practice effects

A

People frequently improve on tests as a result of practice alone. (Think coaching on college admissions test)

23
Q

Stability of IQ scores: is it forever

A

Yet IQ scores are not fixed. They almost never remain the same over time; in fact, they occasionally shift for the same person by as much as 10 points or more over a matter of months.

24
Q

Stability of IQ in adulthood

A

IQ scores remain reasonably stable in adulthood. Even across long stretches of time IQ scores tend to be reasonably stable.

25
Q

Stability of IQ in infancy and childhood

A

Before ages 2 or three in children, IQ tests aren’t stable over time. Nor do IQ scores obtained in the first few years of life do a good job of forecasting long term outcomes.

26
Q

Validity

A

The extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure

27
Q

Concurrent validity

A

Ability to relate to outcomes measured at about the same time the test is administered

28
Q

Predictive validity

A

IQ’s test capacity to forecast future outcomes

29
Q

Threshold effect

A

Implies that above a certain level of IQ, intelligence is no longer predictive of important real world accomplishments

30
Q

IQ predicts

A

A variety of important real world behaviors outside the classroom and workplace

31
Q

IQ’s potential confound

A

IQ is positively associated with social class, as poorer people tend to have lower IQ

32
Q

Bell curve

A

Distribution of scores in which the bulk of the scores fall toward the middle, with progressively fewer scores toward the tails or extremes

33
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Condition characterized by an onset before adulthood, an IQ below about 70, and an inability to engage in adequate daily functioning

34
Q

Family studies

A

Allow us to determine the extent to which a trait runs or goes together in intact families, those in which all family members live in the same home. IQ does run in family. These studies don’t allow us to distinguish the effects of genes from those of the environment

35
Q

Twin studies

A

Compare correlations in a trait in identical and fraternal twins.higher identical IQ with identical than fraternal twins

36
Q

Adoption studies

A

Examine the extent to which children adopted into new homes resemble their adoptive versus their biological parents. Environment contributes to it. In the first few years the IQ changes but as they get holder IQ resembles biological parents.

37
Q

Birth order

A

IQ declines steadily with increasing numbers of children in a family. Only a few points difference. Problem: parents with lower IQ tend to have more children than higher IQ parents

38
Q

Does schooling make us smarter?

A

Schooling exerts a causal effect on IQ. Pg. 342

39
Q

Poverty and IQ: socioeconomic and nutritional deprivation

A

Social and economic deprivation can adversely effect IQ. Malnutrition in kids can lower IQ

40
Q

Flynn effect

A

Finding that states average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately three points per decade page: 344

41
Q

Sex differences in IQ

A

Sex does not influence IQ. Men more variable: more men at both the low and high ends of the IQ bell curve

42
Q

Sex differences in mental abilities

A

Women better than men on some verbal tasks like spelling, writing, and pronouncing words. Women better at arithmetic math but men better at spatial ability page: 348. Sex differences in IQ and mental ability maybe due to genes

43
Q

Racial differences in IQ

A

Caucasians and asians tend to score higher on IQ test than African Americans and Hispanics
Page 349. But can’t use race for inferring anyone’s IQ because some blacks are smarter than white or Asian. Probably because of environment like socioeconomic

44
Q

Within group heritability

A

Extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced

45
Q

Between group heritability

A

Extent to which differences in a trait between groups is genetically influenced

46
Q

Test bias

A

A test predicts outcomes such as grades or occupational success better in one group than in another

47
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Fear we may confirm a negative group stereotype

48
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem

49
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Capacity to generate the single best solution to a problem

50
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

Ability to understand our own emotions and those of others and to apply this info to our daily lives.

51
Q

Wisdom

A

Application of intelligence toward a common good

psychology Part 2 (8 decks)

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