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psychology Part 2 > Ch. 15 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 15 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopathology

A

Mental illness

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2
Q

Demonic model

A

View of mental illness in which behaving oddly, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

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3
Q

Medical model

A

View of mental illness as a result of a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

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4
Q

Moral treatment

A

Approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illnesses

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5
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

The government policy of the 1960s and 1970s that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

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6
Q

Community and mental health centers and halfway houses

A

Free or low cost facilities in which people can obtain treatment

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7
Q

Psychiatric diagnoses across cultures

A

Psychiatric diagnosis are shaped not only by history but also by culture

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8
Q

Cultural universality

A

Many mental disorders appear to exist in most and perhaps all cultures

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9
Q

According to robins and Guze, a valid diagnosis:

A
  1. Distinguishes that diagnosis from other similar ones
  2. Predicts diagnosed individuals performance on lab test
  3. Predicts diagnoses individuals family history of psychiatric disorders.
  4. Predicts diagnosed individuals natural history- that is what tends to happen to them over time
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10
Q

Labeling theorists

A

Scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people’s perceptions and behaviors

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11
Q

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) or DSM 5 pg. 582- 583

A

Diagnostic system containing the American psychiatric association (APA) criteria for mental disorders

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12
Q

Prevalence

A

Percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder

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13
Q

Comorbidity

A

Co occurrence of two or more diagnoses within the same person. Ex: people with major depression meet criteria for one or more anxiety disorders

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14
Q

Categoric model

A

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree. Ex: major depression is present or not. No in between

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15
Q

Dimensional model

A

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

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16
Q

Research domain criteria

A

A recently launched program of research designed to classify mental disorders in terms of deficits in brain circuitry

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17
Q

Medical student syndrome

A

Pg. 586

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18
Q

Involuntary commitment

A

Procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or another facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others or their inability to care for themselves

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19
Q

Somatic symptom disorder

A

Condition marked by excessive anxiety about physical symptoms with a medical or purely psychological origin

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20
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

Condition marked by intense preoccupation with the possibility of a serious undiagnosed illness

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21
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)

A

Continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

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22
Q

Panic attack

A

Brief, intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light headedness, racing heart beat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy

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23
Q

Panic disorder

A

Repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behavior in an attempt to avoid them

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24
Q

Phobia

A

Intense fear of an object or a situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

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25
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

26
Q

Specific phobias

A

Phobias of objects, places, or situations

27
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations

28
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

Marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

29
Q

Obsessive Compulsive disorder- pg. 593

A

Condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour a day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both

30
Q

Obsession

A

Persistent idea, thought, or urge that is unwanted causing marked distress

31
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive behavior or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress

32
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

People become preoccupied with imagined or slight defects in their appearance, such as lips being too thin or too big.

33
Q

Tourette’s disorder

A

Condition marked by repeated automatic behaviors- motor tics like twitching and facial grimacing and vocal tics like grunting and throat clearing.

34
Q

Catastrophizing: fears are learned

A

When they predict terrible events despite low probability

35
Q

Anxiety sensitivity

A

A fear of anxiety related sensations.

36
Q

Anxiety: biological influences

A

Genetically influenced. Particular genes influence people’s level of neuroticism- tendency to be high strung, guilt prone, and irritable- which can set the stage for excessive worry

37
Q

Major depressive episode

A

State in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

38
Q

Depression and life events

A

Stressful life events correlated to depression. Crucial determinant of whether we’ll become depressed is whether we’ve lost or about to lose something we value dearly.

39
Q

Interpersonal model of depression pg. 598

A

When people become depressed they seek excessive reassurance which in turn leads to others to dislike and reject them which makes their depression worse. Vicious cycle

40
Q

Behavioral model: depression as a loss of reinforcement pg. 599

A

Depression results from a low rate of response contingent positive reinforcement

41
Q

Cognitive model of depression

A

Depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

42
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can’t control

43
Q

Depression the role of biology

A

Pg. 600- 601

44
Q

Manic episode

A

Experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behavior.

45
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

46
Q

Suicide

A

Pg. 602-603

47
Q

Personality disorder

A

Condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment

48
Q

Borderline personality disorder (explanations on pg. 605-606

A

Condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control.

49
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible or illegal actions.

50
Q

Psychopathic personality pg. 606

A

Marked by a distinctive set of personality traits. Marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self centeredness, and risk taking

51
Q

Depersonalization/ derealization disorder pg. 608

A

Condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both

52
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Inability to recall important personal info most often related to a stressful experience- that can’t be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

53
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

54
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

Condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently take control of the person’s behavior

55
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality. Pg. 611 consists of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech

56
Q

Delusion

A

Strongly held fixed belief that has no basis in reality

57
Q

Psychotic symptom

A

Psychological problem reflecting serious distortions in reality

58
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus

59
Q

Catatonic symptom

A

Motor problem, including holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, curling up in a fetal position and resisting simple suggestions to move

60
Q

Schizophrenia biology

A

Pg.615-616

61
Q

Diathesis stress model

A

Perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

62
Q

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

Childhood condition marked by excessive in attention, impulsivity, and activity

psychology Part 2 (8 decks)

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