Ch. 16 Psychological and Biological Treatments

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

Psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives

Question 2

Paraprofessional

Answer 2

Person with no professional training who provides mental health services. There is few or no differences in effectiveness between more and less experienced or professional therapists

Question 3

Why is there no difference in effectiveness between professional therapists and paraprofessionals?

Answer 3

Regardless of professional training people who fulfill the role of therapist may provide clients with hope, empathy, advice, support, and opportunities for new learning experiences.

Question 4

What makes a good therapist?

Answer 4

Effective therapists are likely to be warm, direct, empathic, and enjoy their work; establish a positive working relationship with clients; and tend to not contradict clients. Warm, respectful, caring, and engaged

Question 5

Insight therapies

Answer 5

Psychotherapies, including psychodynamic, humanistic, existential, and group approaches, with the goal of expanding awareness or insight. Two types:

1. Psychodynamic therapies
2. Humanistic therapies

Question 6

Psychodynamic therapies

Answer 6

Treatment inspired by classical psychoanalysis and influenced by freuds techniques. Less costly, briefer- weeks or months or open ended and involved meeting only once or twice a week.

Question 7

Humanistic therapies

Answer 7

Therapies that emphasize the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive. Emphasis on insight and self actualization. Reject the interpretative techniques of psychoanalysis. They strive to understand clients inner worlds through empathy and focus on clients thoughts and feelings in the present moment

Question 8

Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies pg. 631

Answer 8

Pg 631

Question 9

Psychoanalysis goal

Answer 9

Goal: to decrease guilt and frustration and make the unconscious conscious by bringing awareness to previously repressed impulses, conflicts, and memories.

Question 10

Psychoanalysis key ingredients

Answer 10

1. Free association
2. Interpretation
3. Dream analysis
4. Resistance
5. Transference-act of projecting intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from the past onto the therapist.
6. Working through-Final stage. Therapists help clients work through, or process, their problems. The insight gained in treatment is a helpful starting point but its not sufficient.

Question 11

Free association

Answer 11

Technique in which clients express themselves without censorship of any sort

Question 12

Interpretation

Answer 12

From the clients string of free associations, analysts form hypotheses regarding the origin of the clients difficulties and share them with him or her as the therapeutic relation evolves. Formulate interpretations- explanations of the unconscious bases of a clients dreams, emotions, and behaviors

Question 13

Dream analysis

Answer 13

Therapist interprets the relation of the dream to the clients waking life and the dreams symbolic significance

Question 14

Resistance

Answer 14

Attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts emotions and impulses

Question 15

Person centered therapy

Answer 15

Non directive therapy centering on the clients goals and ways of solving problems. Clients can use therapy hour for whatever they choose

Question 16

Gestalt therapy

Answer 16

Therapy that aims to integrate different and sometimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self. Key to personal growth is accepting responsibility for ones feelings and maintaining contact with the here and now rather than getting stuck in the past or imagining the future

Question 17

Existential therapy

Answer 17

Contend that human beings construct meaning and that mental illnesses stem from a failure to find meaning in life.

Question 18

Group therapy

Answer 18

Therapy that treats more than one person at a time. Example: Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 19

Alcoholic anonymous

Answer 19

12 step self help program that provides social support for achieving sobriety

Question 20

Strategic family intervention

Answer 20

Family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication

Question 21

Structural family therapy

Answer 21

Treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interactions

Question 22

Behavior therapist

Answer 22

Focuses on specific problem behaviors and current variables that maintain problematic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Pg. 639

Question 23

Ecological momentary assessment

Answer 23

Assessment of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that arise in the moment in situations in which they occur in every day life

Question 24

Systematic desensitization

Answer 24

Clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner

Question 25

Exposure therapy

Answer 25

Therapy that confronts clients with what they fear with the goal of reducing the fear

Question 26

Dismantling

Answer 26

Research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment

Question 27

Response therapy

Answer 27

Technique in which therapists prevent clients from performing their typical avoidance behaviors

Question 28

Participant modeling

Answer 28

Technique in which therapists first model a problematic situation and then guides the client through steps to cope with it unassisted

Question 29

Token economy

Answer 29

Method in which desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that clients than exchange for tangible reward

Question 30

Aversion therapy

Answer 30

Treatment that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors

Question 31

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 31

Treatment that attempts to replace irrational cognitions and maladaptive behaviors with more rational cognitions and adaptive behaviors

Question 32

Metananalysis

Answer 32

Statistical method that helps researchers interpret large bodies of psychological literature

Question 33

Empirically supported treatment (EST)

Answer 33

Intervention for specific disorders supported by high-quality scientific evidence

Question 34

Psychopharmacotherapy

Answer 34

Use of medications to treat psychological problems

Question 35

Anti anxiety medications

Pg. 657 for rest or on phone photo

Answer 35

Ex: benzodiazepines-Valium, Xanax, Ativan. Action: increase efficiency of GABA binding to receptor sites
Buspirone: stabilizes serotonin levels
Beta blockers: Atenolol, inderal: compete

Question 36

Personalized medicine

Answer 36

Medical practice that customizes interventions to maximize success in treating patients with specific psychological or medical disorders and conditions

Question 37

Electroconvulsive

Answer 37

Treatment for serious psychological problems in which patients receive brief electrical pulses to the brain that produce a seizure

Question 38

Psychosurgery

Answer 38

Brain surgery to treat psychological problems