Chapter 9: Infant Nutrition II Flashcards
Children with Special Healthcare Needs
A federal category of services for infants, children, and adolescents with, or at risk for, physical or developmental disability, or with a chronic medical condition caused by or associated with genetic/metabolic disorders, birth defects, prematurity, trauma, infection, or perinatal exposure to drugs.
Low-Birthweight Infant (LBW)
An infant weighing < 5 lb 8 oz at birth.
Very Low-Birthweight Infant (VLBW)
An infant weighing < 3 lb 5 oz at birth.
Extremely Low-Birthweight Infant (ELBW)
An infant weighing < 1000g or 2 lb 3 oz at birth.
Fetal Death or Stillbirth
Death that occurs before complete expulsion from the mother after 20 weeks or more of gestation and the fetus does not breathe or have a heartbeat.
Down Syndrome
Condition in which three copies of chromosome 21 occur, resulting in lower muscle strength, lower intelligence, and greater risk for overweight.
Seizures
Condition in which electrical nerve transmission in the brain is disrupted, resulting in periods of loss of function that vary in severity.
MCT Oil
A liquid form of fat used to boost energy; composed of medium-chain triglycerides.
Catch-Up Growth
Period of time shortly after a slow growth period when the rate of weight and height gains is likely to be faster than expected for age and gender.
Hypocalcemia
Condition in which body pools of calcium are unbalanced, and low levels are measured in blood as a part of a generalized reaction to illnesses.
Microcephaly
Small head size for age and gender as measured by centimeters (or inches) of head circumference.
Macrocephaly
Large head size for age and gender as measured by centimeters (or inches) of head circumference.
Developmental Delay
Conditions represented by at least a 25% delay by standard evaluation in one or more areas of development, such as gross or fine motor, cognitive, communication, social, or emotional development.
Autisim
Condition of deficits in communication and social interaction with onset generally before age 3, in which mealtime behavior and eating problems occur along with other behavior and sensory problems.
Nutrition Support
Provision of nutrients by methods other than eating regular foods or drinking regular beverages, such as directly accessing the stomach by tube or placing nutrients into the bloodstream.
Parenteral Feeding
Delivery of nutrients directly to the bloodstream.
Enteral Feeding
Method of delivering nutrients directly to the digestive system, in contrast to methods that bypass the digestive system.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
Condition with inflammation or damage to a section of the intestine, with a grading from mild to severe.
Oral Gastric (OG) Feeding
A form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube placement from the mouth to the stomach.
Transpyloric Feeding (TP)
Form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube placement from the nose or mouth into the upper part of the small intestine.
Gastrostomy Feeding
Form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube placement directly into the stomach, bypassing the mouth through a surgical procedure that creates an opening through the abdominal wall and stomach.
Jejunostomy Feeding
Form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube placement directly into the upper part of the small intestine.
Congenital anomaly
Condition evident in a newborn that is diagnosed at or near birth, usually as a genetic or chronic condition, such as spina bifida or cleft lip and palate.
Anencephaly
Condition initiated early in gestation of the central nervous system in which the brain is not formed correctly, resulting in neonatal death.
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Displacement of the intestines up into the lung area due to incomplete formation of the diaphragm in utero.
Tracheoesophegeal Atresia
Incomplete connection between the esophagus and the stomach in utero, resulting in a shortened esophagus.
Cleft Lip and Palate
Condition in which the upper lip and roof of the mouth are not formed completely and are surgically corrected, resulting in feeding, speaking, and hearing difficulties in childhood.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Rare genetic condition of protein metabolism in which breakdown by products build up in blood and urine, causing coma and death if untreated.
Chromosome 22QII.2 Deletion Syndrome
Condition in which chromosome 22 has a small deletion, resulting in a wide range of heart, speech, and learning difficulties.
