Chapter 5: Nutrition During Pregnancy II

Question 1

Dumping Syndrome

Answer 1

A condition characterized by weakness, dizziness, flushing, nausea, and palpitation immediately or shortly after eating and produced by abnormally rapid emptying of the stomach, especially in individuals who have had part of the stomach removed.

Question 2

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 2

CHO intolerance with onset of, or first recognition of, pregnancy.

Question 3

Oxidative Stress

Answer 3

A condition that occurs when cells are exposed to more oxidizing molecules (such as free radicals) than to antioxidant molecules that neutralize them and help repair cells damage. Over time, oxidative stress causes damage to lipids, DNA, cells, and tissues.

Question 4

Endothelium

Answer 4

The layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels.

Question 5

Placenta Abruption

Answer 5

The separation of the placenta from its attachment to the uterus wall before the baby is delivered.

Question 6

Prostacyclin

Answer 6

A potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a powerful vasodilator and blood pressure reduced derived from n-3 fatty acids.

Question 7

Thromboxane

Answer 7

The parent of a group of thromboxanes derived from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. Thromboxane increases platelet aggregation and constricts blood vessels, causing blood pressure to increase.

Question 8

Congestional Anomalies

Answer 8

Structural, functional, or metabolic abnormalities present at birth.

Question 9

Hemoglobin A1c

Answer 9

A form of hemoglobin used to identify blood glucose levels over the lifetime of a RBC (120 days). Glucose molecules in blood will attach to hemoglobin (and stay attached). The amount of glucose that attaches to hemoglobin is proportional to levels of glucose in the blood. The normal range of hemoglobin A1c is 4-5.9%.

Question 10

Ketones

Answer 10

Metabolic by-products of the breakdown of fatty acids in energy formation. Beta hydroxy butyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone are the major ketones, or “ketone bodies”.

Question 11

Nutritionally Important

Answer 11

Adequate Ca intake 1-2 g
Achieve vitamin D levels WNL
Daily vitamin/mineral supplement
Healthy high fiber diet with at least 5 servings of fruits and veggies
Monitor weight gain and physical activity
Avoid high dose supplemental iron

Question 12

ETOH and Pregnancy

Answer 12

ETOH crosses the placenta easily
Most severe effects occur during 1st 8 weeks of pregnancy
4 daily drinks (or occasional 5 drink binges) dramatically increase the likelihood of FAS
But (-) effects noted with only one drink/day