Chapter 8: Infant Nutrition Flashcards
Full-Term Infants
Infants born between 37 and 42 weeks gestation.
Preterm Infants
Infants born before 37 weeks gestation.
Infant Mortality
Death that occurs within the first year of life.
Early Periodic Screening, Detection, and Treatment Program (EPSDT)
A part of Medicaid and provides routine checkups for low-income families.
Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR)
Fetal under-growth from any cause, resulting in a disproportionality in weight, length, or weight-for-length, or weight-for-length percentiles for gestational age.
Reflex
An automatic (unlearned) response that is triggered by a specific stimulus.
Rooting Reflex
Action that occurs if one cheek is touched, resulting in the infant’s head turning toward that cheek and the infant opening it’s mouth.
Suckle
A reflexive movement of the tongue moving forward and backward; earliest feeding skill.
Sensorimotor
An early learning system in which the infant’s senses and motor skills provide input to the central nervous system.
Short-Chain Fats
Carbon molecules that provide fatty acids less than 6 carbons long as products of energy generation from fat breakdown inside cells. Short-chain fatty acids are not usually found in foods.
Medium-Chain Fats
Carbon molecules that provide fatty acids with 6-10 carbons, again not typically found in foods.
Long-Chain Fats
Carbon molecules that provide fatty acids with 12 or more carbons, which are commonly found in foods.
Mitochondria
Intracellular unit in which fatty acid breakdown takes place and many enzyme systems for energy production inside cells are regulated.
Weaning
Discontinuation of breastfeeding or bottle-feeding and substitution of food for breast milk or infant formula. Should be completed around 12-24 months of age.
Hypoallergenic
Foods or products that have a low risk of promoting food or other allergies.
Failure to Thrive (FTT)
Condition of inadequate weight or height gain thought to result from an energy deficit, whether or not the cause can be identified as a health problem.
Developmental Disabilities
General term used to group specific diagnoses that limit daily living and functioning and occur before age 21.
Colic
A condition marked by a sudden onset of irritability, fussiness, or crying in a young infant between 2 weeks and 3 months of age who is otherwise growing and healthy.
Hydrolyzed Protein Formula
Formula that contains enzymatically digested protein, or single amino acids, rather than protein as it naturally occurs in food.
Lactose
A form of sugar or carbohydrate composed of galactose and glucose.
Galactosemia
A rare genetic condition of carbohydrate metabolism in which a blocked or inactive enzyme does not allow breakdown of galactose, causing serious illness in infant.
Hypothyroidism
Condition in which thyroid hormone is not produced in sufficient quantities, interfering with growth and mental development if untreated in infants.
Motor Development
Muscle control and development happens head to toe and central to peripheral. Influences caloric need and ability to self feed.
Formula
20 kcal/oz
Total amount of kcal needs divided by 20 equals the amount of ounces to give to infant
