Chapter 9: Human Biology (Digestive System) Flashcards
mouth
the organ of the digestive tract where food is chewed and mixed with saliva
tongue
functions as a digestive organ by facilitating movement of food during mastication and assisting swallowing, other important functions include speech and taste
teeth
grinding and breaking up food
salivary glands
glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth moist and to begin the process of digesting starch
pharynx
a funnel-shaped passageway that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx
epiglottis
a flap of tissue that prevents food from passing into the larynx
esophagus
a long muscular tube that is ordinarily collapsed, but opens and receives the bolus when swallowing occurs
cardiac sphincter
prevents acidic contents of the stomach from moving upward into the esophagus
stomach
an organ that receives food from the esophagus, starts the digestion of proteins, and moves food into the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
acts as a valve to controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine
duodenum
the first part of the small intestine, where chyme enters from the stomach
liver
largest gland in the body, produces urea and bile, detoxifies blood, stores glycogen, and produces plasma proteins, among other functions
gall bladder
organ attached to liver that serves to store and concentrate bile
pancreas
-5 things it produces
digestive organ with with endocrine and exocrine functions; produces pancreatic juice containing sodium bicarbonate and digestive enzymes, secretes insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
small intestine
- list 3 parts and give function (2)
consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; completes the process of food digestion and absorption of nutrients that will enter the blood capillaries or the lymphatic capillaries.