Chapter 9 - Groups and teams Flashcards

1
Q

Groups

A

Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Formal group

A

Defined by the organsiation’s structure, with designated work assignments and established tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Informal group

A

Neither formally structured nor organisationally determined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Social identity theory

A

A perspective that considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Punctuated equilibrium model

A

A set of phases that temporary groups go through that involves transitions between inertia and activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Activities in the punctuated equilibrium model. For a group with a finite deadline

A

The first meeting sets the group’s direction

The first phase of group activity is one of inertia and thus makes slower progress

A transition takes place exactly when the group has used use half its allotted time

This transition initiates major changes
A second phase of inertia follows the transition

The group’s last meeting is characterised by markedly accelerated activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Role perception

A

Our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Role expectations

A

How others believe we should act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Psychological contract

A

An unwritten agreement that exists between employees and employers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Role conflict

A

A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inter role conflict

A

A situation in which the expectations of an individual’s different, separate groups are in opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reference groups

A

Important groups to which individuals belong or hope to belong and which adopt norms with which individuals are most likely to conform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deviant workplace behaviour

A

Voluntary behaviour that violates significant organisational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well being of the organisation or its members.

This is called antisocial behaviour or workplace incivility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Status characteristics theory

A

A theory that states that differences in status characteristics create status hierarchies within groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The three groups that status comes from

A

The power a person wields over others

A person’s ability to contribute to a group’s goals

An individual’s personal characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively that when alone

17
Q

Ways to prevent social loafing

A

Set groups goals

Increase intergroup competition

Engage in peer evaluations

Select members who have high motivation and prefer to work in groups

Base group rewards in part on each member’s unique contributions

18
Q

Cohesiveness

A

The degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group.

19
Q

What can encourage group cohesiveness?

A

Make the group smaller

Encourage agreement with group goals

Increase the time members spend together

Increase the group’s status and the perceived difficulty of attaining membership

Stimulate competition with other groups

Give rewards to the group rather than to individual members

Physically isolate the group

20
Q

Faultlines

A

Described as the perceived divisions that split groups into two or more subgroups based on individual differences such as sex, race, age, language

21
Q

Groupthink

A

Relates to norms and describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views

22
Q

Groupshift

A

Describes the way group members tend to exaggerate their initial positions when discussing a given set of alternatives to arrive at a solution.

23
Q

Interaction groups

A

Most common form of group decision making

Members meet face to face and rely on both verbal and nonverbal interactions to communicate.

24
Q

Brainstorming

A

The idea generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives while withholding any criticism of those alternatives

25
Q

Nominal group technique

A

A group decision making method in which individual members meet face to face to pool their judgement in a systematic but independent fashion