Chapter 9 - Escape Avoidance Punishment

Question 1

Escape behavior rain example

Answer 1

Wish to escape the rain we run indoors

Question 2

Avoidance behavior

Answer 2

Performance behavior prevents the aversive stimulus from occurring

Question 3

Avoidance behavior rain example

Answer 3

We go indoors before the rain even starts to avoid it

Question 4

Two process theory of avoidance

Answer 4

Avoidance behavior is a result of two distinct processes 1 classical conditioning, in fear response comes to be elicited by a conditioned stimulus 2 operant conditioning, moving away from the conditioned stimulus is negatively reinforced by reduction in fear

Question 5

Alternate theories for two process theory

Answer 5

One process theory and species specific defense reaction Theory

Question 6

Phobia

Answer 6

Intense desire to avoid feared stimulus

Question 7

Problems with phobia as avoidance behavior

Answer 7

Avoidance means to avoid the US but a phobia means to avoid the CS

Question 8

OCD

Answer 8

Persistent impulses (obsession) and actions in response to obsessions (compulsion)

Question 9

Treatment for OCD

Answer 9

Exposure and response prevention (ERP)

Question 10

Phobia versus OCD

Answer 10

Phobia is not to do something to reduce anxiety, while OCD is to do something to reduce anxiety

Question 11

Types of punishment

Answer 11

Positive negative intrinsic extrinsic primary secondary and generalized

Question 12

Positive punishment

Answer 12

Presentation of a certain event which leads to a decrease of the response example spanking

Question 13

Negative punishment

Answer 13

Consist of removal set an event which leads to a decrease of future response example confiscating cell phone

Question 14

Time out

Answer 14

The loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period of time following the problem behavior

Question 15

Response cost

Answer 15

Removal of a specific reinforcer following the occurrence of a problem behavior

Question 16

Response cost example

Answer 16

Losing money due to a ticket

Question 17

Intrinsic punishment

Answer 17

Activity itself is punishing (push-ups)

Question 18

intrinsic punishment example

Answer 18

Doing push-ups which is the punishment in itself would be affected in the future because of the effort

Question 19

Extrinsic punishment

Answer 19

Activity is followed by a separate event that serves to punish the activity

Question 20

Extrinsic punishment example

Answer 20

Being judged for smoking reduces your likelihood to smoke

Question 21

Primary punishment

Answer 21

An event that is a innately punishing

Question 22

Primary punishment examples

Answer 22

Electric shock intense heat loud noise

Question 23

Secondary punisher

Answer 23

An event that has become punishing me because it has in the past associated with some other punisher

Question 24

Secondary punisher examples

Answer 24

A tone paired with a shock, A bell that produces heat

Question 25

Generalized punisher

Answer 25

An event that has become punishing because it has in the past associated with many punishers

Question 26

Generalized punisher

Answer 26

The death stare, everyone gets it or gives it, universally understood

Question 27

Punishment pros

Answer 27

Occasional positive social behavior, improvement in mood, increases attention to environment

Question 28

Punishment cons

Answer 28

Doesn’t strengthen appropriate behavior, punisher becomes discriminative stimulus, learn to avoid punisher, strong emotional response, aggressive response, models punishment behavior, strong reinforcement for punisher

Question 29

Making punishment effective

Answer 29

Immediately, consistently, intensively, negatively with explanation along with positive punishment for appropriate behavior

Question 30

Escape behavior

Answer 30

Performance of the behavior terminates the aversive stimulus