Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Comparative condition examples

A

Memory categorization decisioning and problem-solving language used deception

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2
Q

Tinbergen’s for questions/4 levels of analysis are…

A

Are used to categorize research findings

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3
Q

Tinbergen’s for questions/4 levels of analysis (two categories)

A

Ultimate and proximate cause

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4
Q

Ultimate cause questions/levels of analysis

A

1 How does the trait healthy individual survivor and produce 2 is that trait found in closely related species are species with similar environments

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5
Q

Proximate cause questions/levels of analysis

A

3 what biological and environmental events lead to the expression of that trait in that individual 4 how does the street merger change during individual development

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6
Q

Biophilia hypothesis

A

Humans have inherited disposition to be drawn to or bond with nature including animals

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7
Q

Memory is closely related to

A

Stimulus discrimination

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8
Q

Delayed matching-to-sample for memory

A

Animal shown the stimulus then there’s a delay then they select the stimulus from group and measure the ability to remember that stimulus correctly

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9
Q

Forgetting

A

Delayed matching to sample instructed to be a visual cue to remember or forget the previously was

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10
Q

Forgetting testing

A

Animals are instructed to either remember to forget when instructed forget move to the next trial and not be affected by stimulus

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11
Q

Memory in food storing birds

A

Larger haven’t found birds the store food because of their reliance to remember the location of their food

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12
Q

Clever Hans

A

Horse hoax that made people believe that he could count when he was only responding to a facial and social cues

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13
Q

Direct matching – to - sample

A

No delay between the presentation of the sample stimulus and stimuli

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14
Q

Pigeon example

A

Pigeons were showing two or three cars to match the numbers therefore showing evidence of numerosity

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15
Q

Categorization

A

Involves the ability to generalize and discriminate

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16
Q

Transitive inference

A

Form of reasoning in which the relationship between two objects can be inferred by knowing the relationship of each to a third object

17
Q

Transitive inference ABC example

A

A is greater than B & B is greater than C therefore A greater than C

18
Q

Making and using tools

A

To usage is a manipulative way you using an item and shows higher cognitive abilities

19
Q

Selectivity in tool use

A

A more sophisticated understanding of cause-and-effect

20
Q

Multiple uses of tools

A

Shows the expectation of future need

21
Q

Combining and modifying existing materials

A

Shows great cognitive complexity to create a new tool

22
Q

How do animals learn to use tools

A

Observation and social interaction

23
Q

Self-awareness

A

Mark and mirror task

24
Q

Theory of mind

A

Impute mental states to other individuals; seeing oneself as separate from others and recognizing that the content of another’s mind is different from one’s own

25
Q

Understanding content of another mind

A

False belief task video with Snoopy on the crayon box

26
Q

Cooperation

A

Rope task with elephants

27
Q

Deception

A

Chimps are crazy, Point and the food containers with a cooperative cheater set alarms to go and get females while dominate males are gone

28
Q

Language

A

Many believe that is innate and a special category of communication

29
Q

Key features of language

A

Symbols and text and semantics

30
Q

Language system

A

Allows us to communicate with others intentionally and with great specific city

31
Q

Animals use language

A

Lack of verbal apparatus but sign language has proven successful but not following grammatical rules and passed the test of reference

32
Q

Comparative cognition

A

City of information processing across a variety of species including humans gives insight as to if these abilities are similar and different across species