CHAPTER 9 Erikson: Key Terms and Concepts

Question 1

Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 1

1. Infancy
2. Early Childhood
3. Play Age
4. School Age
5. Adolescence
6. Young Adulthood
7. Adulthood
8. Old Age

Question 2

Erikson’s Methods of Investigation

Answer 2

Anthropological Studies and Psychohistory

Question 3

Erikson’s stages of development rest on an ________ _________, meaning that each component proceeds in a step-by step fashion with later growth building on earlier development.

Answer 3

epigenetic principle

Question 4

During every stage of development, people experience an interaction of opposing _______ and ________ attitudes, which leads to a ___________.

Answer 4

syntonic ; dystonic ; conflict, or psychosocial crisis

During every stage of development, people experience an interaction of opposing syntonic and dystonic attitudes, which leads to a conflict, or psychosocial crisis.

Question 5

Resolution of the psychosocial crisis produces a _____ _______ and enables a person to move to the next stage.

Answer 5

basic strength

Question 6

__________ components lay a ground plan for each individual.

Answer 6

Biological

Question 7

A multiplicity of historical and cultural events also shapes ___ ______.

Answer 7

ego identity

Question 8

Each basic strength has an underlying antipathy that becomes the ____ ________ of that stage.

Answer 8

core pathology

Question 9

The stage characterized by:

Psychosexual mode: Oral-sensory
Psychosocial crisis: Basic trust versus mistrust
Basic strength: Hope
Core pathology: Withdrawal

Answer 9

infancy

Question 10

The first stage of development

Answer 10

infancy

Question 11

The stage characterized by:

Psychosexual mode: Anal, urethral, and muscular
Psychosocial conflict: Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Basic strength: Will
Core pathology: Compulsion

Answer 11

early childhood

Question 12

The stage characterized by:

Psychosexual development: genital-locomotor
Psychosocial crisis: Initiative versus guilt
Basic strength: Purpose
Core pathology: Inhibition

Answer 12

play age

Question 13

School-age children are in a period of?

Answer 13

sexual latency

Question 14

School-age children face the psychosocial crisis of ________________, which produces either the basic strength of _________ or the core pathology of _______.

Answer 14

industry versus inferiority ; competence ; inertia

School-age children face the psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority, which produces either the basic strength of competence or the core pathology of inertia.

Question 15

A crucial stage because a person’s sense of identity should emerge from this period.

Answer 15

Adolescence, or puberty

Question 16

The stage characterized by:

Psychosocial crisis: Identity confusion (thereby postponing identity)
Basic strength: Fidelity
Core pathology: Role repudiation

Answer 16

Adolescence

may dominate the psychosocial crisis, thereby postponing identity. Fidelity is the basic strength of adolescence; role repudiation is its core pathology.

Question 17

The time from about age 18 to 30.

Psychosexual mode: Genitality
Psychosocial crisis: Intimacy versus isolation
Basic strength: Love
Core pathology: Exclusivity

Answer 17

Young adulthood

Question 18

The stage characterized by:

Psychosexual mode: Procreativity
Psychosocial crisis: Generativity versus stagnation
Basic strength: Care
Core pathology: Rejectivity

Answer 18

Adulthood

Question 19

The stage characterized by:

Psychosexual mode: Generalized sensuality
Psychosocial crisis: Integrity versus despair
Basic strength: Wisdom
Core pathology: Disdain

Answer 19

Old age

Question 20

Erikson used __________ to study the identity crises of Martin Luther, Mahatma Gandhi, and others.

Answer 20

psychohistory (a combination of psychoanalysis and history)