CHAPTER 8 Sullivan: Key Terms and Concepts

Question 1

People develop their personality through?

Answer 1

interpersonal relationships

Question 2

Three levels of experience

Answer 2

prototaxic, parataxic, and syntaxic

Question 3

Primitive, presymbolic experience level

Answer 3

prototaxic

Question 4

Not accurately communicated to others experience level

Answer 4

parataxic

Question 5

Accurate communication experience level

Answer 5

syntaxic

Question 6

Two aspects of experience

Answer 6

tensions and energy transformations

Question 7

The potential for action (aspect of experience)

Answer 7

tensions

Question 8

Actions or behaviors (aspect of experience)

Answer 8

energy transformations

Question 9

Two kinds of tensions

Answer 9

needs and anxiety

Question 10

Needs are ________ in that they _________ ________ development.

Answer 10

conjunctive ; facilitate interpersonal

Needs are conjunctive in that they facilitate interpersonal development.

Question 11

Anxiety is ________ in that it _________ with the satisfaction of needs and is the primary obstacle to establishing healthy interpersonal relationships.

Answer 11

disjunctive ; interferes

Anxiety is disjunctive in that it interferes with the satisfaction of needs and is the primary obstacle to establishing healthy interpersonal relationships.

Question 12

Energy transformations become organized into consistent traits or behavior patterns called?

Answer 12

dynamisms

Question 13

Typical dynamisms include?

Answer 13

malevolence, intimacy, and lust

Question 14

A feeling of living in enemy country

Answer 14

malevolence

Question 15

A close interpersonal relationship with a peer of equal status

Answer 15

intimacy

Question 16

Impersonal sexual desires

Answer 16

lust

Question 17

Sullivan’s chief contribution to personality was his?

Answer 17

concept of various developmental stages

Question 18

The developmental stages

Answer 18

1. Infancy
2. Childhood
3. Juvenile era
4. Preadolescence
5. Early adolescence
6. Late adolescence
7. adulthood

Question 19

The stage from birth to the development of syntaxic language.

Answer 19

infancy

Question 20

The mother continues as the most important interpersonal relationship, although children of this age often have an imaginary playmate.

Answer 20

childhood

Question 21

The stage from syntaxic language to the need for playmates of equal status.

Answer 21

childhood

Question 22

A time when an infant’s primary interpersonal relationship is with the mothering one.

Answer 22

infancy

Question 23

The stage from the need for playmates of equal status to the development of intimacy.

Answer 23

juvenile era

Question 24

A time when children should learn competition, compromise, and cooperation—skills that will enable them to move successfully through later stages of development.

Answer 24

juvenile era

Question 25

The most crucial stage of development

Answer 25

preadolescence

Question 26

The stage from intimacy with a best friend to the beginning of puberty.

Answer 26

preadolescence

Question 27

Mistakes made during this phase are difficult to overcome later.

Answer 27

preadolescence

Question 28

During this stage, young people are motivated by both intimacy (usually for someone of the same gender) and lust (ordinarily for a person of the opposite gender).

Answer 28

early adolescence

Question 29

People reach ____________ when they are able to direct their intimacy
and lust toward one other person.

Answer 29

late adolescence

Question 30

The successful completion of late adolescence culminates in?

Answer 30

adulthood

Question 31

A stage marked by a stable love relationship.

Answer 31

adulthood

Question 32

With Sullivan’s psychotherapy, the therapist serves as a ______ _______ and attempts to improve patients’ ________ _________.

Answer 32

participant observer ; interpersonal relations

With Sullivan’s psychotherapy, the therapist serves as a participant observer and attempts to improve patients’ interpersonal relations.