CHAPTER 11 Rogers: Key Terms and Concepts Flashcards
States that all matter, both organic and inorganic, tends to evolve from simple to more complex forms.
formative tendency
Humans and other animals possess an ___________ ________: that is, the
predisposition to move toward completion or fulfillment.
actualization tendency
________________ develops after people evolve a self-system and refers to the tendency to move toward becoming a fully functional person.
Self-actualization
An individual becomes a person by making _______ with a caregiver whose positive _______ for that individual fosters positive __________.
contact ; regard ; self-regard
An individual becomes a person by making contact with a caregiver whose positive regard for that individual fosters positive self-regard.
It exists when a person experiences conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization.
Barriers to psychological growth
Conditions of worth and external evaluation lead to ____, ____, and ____ and prevent people from experiencing unconditional positive regard.
vulnerability, anxiety, and threat
It develops when the organismic self and the perceived self do not match.
Incongruence
When the organismic self and perceived self are incongruent, people will become _______ and use ______ and _____ as attempts to reduce incongruence.
defensive ; distortion ; denial
When the organismic self and perceived self are incongruent, people will become defensive and use distortion and denial as attempts to reduce incongruence.
People become _________ whenever distortion and denial are insufficient to block out incongruence.
disorganized
Vulnerable people are unaware of their incongruence and are likely to
become ______, ______, and ______.
anxious, threatened, and defensive
The process of personality change begins, when vulnerable people come in contact with a therapist who is _______ and who has ________ _______ ______ and ________.
congruent ; unconditional positive regard ; empathy
The process of personality change begins, when vulnerable people come in contact with a therapist who is congruent and who has unconditional positive regard and empathy.
This process of therapeutic personality change ranges from _____ ________, to a final stage in which clients become their own therapists and are able to continue
psychological growth _______ the therapeutic setting.
extreme defensiveness, or an unwillingness to talk about self ; outside
This process of therapeutic personality change ranges from extreme defensiveness, or an unwillingness to talk about self, to a final stage in which clients become their own therapists and are able to continue psychological growth outside the therapeutic setting.
The basic outcomes of client-centered counseling are ______ clients who are open to experiences and who have no need to be defensive.
congruent
Theoretically, successful clients will become persons of ________.
tomorrow, or fully functioning persons
