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Biology 1A > Chapter 9 - Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ecology?

A

Study of the interactions between organisms and their environments

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2
Q

What are physical factors in ecology?

A

Temperature, water, sunlight, wind, soil

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3
Q

What are biotic factors in ecology?

A

Predator – prey, parasites, symbionts, competitors

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4
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The parts of the Earth inhabited by organisms

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5
Q

What is a biome?

A

A climatic region example tundra, Savannah

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6
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The functional unit of ecology - the organism and a habitat type that interact to create its structure

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7
Q

What is the community?

A

A subset of the ecosystem that is found in one location

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8
Q

What are the levels of ecological organisation?

A
  1. Biosphere
  2. Biome
  3. Ecosystem
  4. Community
  5. Population
  6. Individual
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9
Q

What is the population?

A

The members of one species that interact together

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10
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Taxonomy is the naming and classification of biological groups based on their shared characteristics

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11
Q

What distribution of species is different from normal taxonomic groups?

A

Those that are threatened or endangered

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12
Q

What is the equation for gross primary production?

A

Total amount of energy generated by auto troughs in an equal system

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13
Q

What are autotroph’s?

A

Animals that use up energy

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14
Q

What is the net primary productivity NPP?

A

It is about half a G p p

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15
Q

What is the equation for net primary productivity NPP?

A

NPP = GPP - respiration by auto troughs

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16
Q

Where is net primary productivity the greatest?

A

In regions with high rainfall

17
Q

What are the three limitations of NPP – net primary productivity?

A

Energy, water, limiting nutrients – nitrogen and phosphorus

18
Q

What are primary producers?

A

Plants that are eaten by others

19
Q

What are primary consumers?

A

Those who do the eating

20
Q

What are secondary consumers?

A

Typically carnivores

21
Q

What a top carnivores known as on the trophic level food chain?

A

Tertiary consumers they are eaten by nothing

22
Q

How much energy is lost to each tropic level?

A

90% of Jules

23
Q

What is the definition of a dominant species?

A

Simply the most common and have the largest biomass

24
Q

What is the definition of a keystone species?

A

Not necessarily numerous but have pivotal roles because of their niche

25
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

Increasing concentrations of pollutants and other non-metabolised molecules up the food chain

26
Q

Give examples of pollutants found in the food chain

A

DDT, PCBS, methylmercury

27
Q

What were the problems of DDT?

A

They damaged eggshells of birds-

28
Q

What is intraspecific competition

A

Competition between members of the same species

29
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Competition between species

30
Q

What is competitive exclusion principle?

A

If two species compete for exactly the same resource one will drive the other to extinction

31
Q

What is an ecological niche?

A

The position of a species within the ecosystem

32
Q

Describe a fundamental niche

A

Niche potentially occupied by species

33
Q

Describe realised niche

A

Niche that actually is occupied by that species

34
Q

What does Allopatry mean?

A

When species live separately

35
Q

Describe type one of the survivorship curve

A

Type one is found in the mortality to be higher in older age classes, found typically in Long lived species and living in a stable environment

36
Q

What does interparous mean?

A

Reproduction spread through a lifetime

37
Q

Describe type three of the survivorship curve

A

High mortality rate in juveniles - short lived species. Unpredictable and temporary

38
Q

What does semelparous mean?

A

Reproduction in a single breeding event

39
Q

What is the definition of communities?

A

An Association of populations occupying the same space

Biology 1A (9 decks)

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