Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1A > Chapter 2 - Nutrition, Digestion And Absorption > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Nutrition, Digestion And Absorption Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name vitamin B1, B2,B3

A
  1. Thiamine
  2. Riboflavin
  3. Niacin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name vitamins B5, B6, B7

A
  1. Pantothenic acid
  2. Pyridoxine
  3. Biotin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name vitamins B9, B12 and vitamin C

A
  1. Folic acid
  2. Cobalamin
    C. Ascorbic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E and K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

The B vitamins and Vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Organic molecules that are required in the day in very small amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are minerals?

A

In organic nutrients required in large amounts in the diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can you name the major minerals required in the diet

A

Calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, chlorine, sodium, magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the major functions of calcium in the body?

A

Bone into formation, blood clotting, nerve and muscle function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major symptoms of calcium deficiency?

A

Impaired growth, loss of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the major functions of iron in the body

A

It is a component of haemoglobin and electron carriers, enzyme cofactor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms of iron defficiency?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia, weakness, impaired immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of vitamin a and vitamin d?

A

Vitamin A is Responsible for the maintenance of epithelial tissues and visual pigments

vitamin d is responsible for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of vitamin E and K?

A

Vitamin E is responsible for preventing damage of cell membranes as it is an Antioxidant

Vitamin K is important in blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of deficiency of vitamin A and D

A

A deficiency of vitamin a can result in blindness skin disorders and impaired immunity

A deficiency of vitamin D can result in rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of vitamin C?

A

And antioxidant used in collagen synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin c deficiency?

A

Scurvy – degeneration of skinning teeth, delayed wind healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the main rules of B vitamins?

A

Can you release energy from carbs and fats and catalyse formation of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What vitamin deficiency causes beriberi?

A

Thiamine (vitamin B1) Beriberi results in her coordination and reduced heart function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which vitamin deficiency results in pellagra?

A

Niacin, vitamin B3– this results and confusion and delusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What deficiency results in megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Folic acid, vitamin B9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the four layers of the gut? Resite from top to bottom

A

Top

  • mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscular externa
  • Serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the role of the myenteric plexus and where is it found?

A

Found in the muscular externa

And is responsible for control of GI motility

24
Q

What Is the enteric nervous system

A

Is responsible for all digestive processes

25
Q

What is the role of the submucous plexus?

A

It is responsible for setting the environment within the lumen, regulating GI bloodflow, controlling epithelial cell function

26
Q

What cell and organ secretes bile?

A

Hepatocytes found in the liver

27
Q

What do acini cells produce?

A

Salivary amylase

28
Q

What is the role of salivary amylase and salivary lipase?

A

Amylase - breaks down alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Lipase - CONVERTS fats to long chain fatty acids and signals to start fat digestion and also active in stomach

29
Q

What are gastric ulcers caused by?

A

Helicobacter pylori

30
Q

What helps treat stomach ulcers?

A

Mucous secretions - as they are alkaline

31
Q

What is the role of oxyntic (parietal cells?)

A

Acid secretion that activates pepsin
Solubilises calcium and iron
Barrier for microbes
Breaks down connective tissues and muscle fibres

32
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

33
Q

What do pyloric glands secrete?

A

Mucus, pepsinogen and gastrin

34
Q

What is the role of pepsinogen?

A

Is activated my hydrochloride acid to form pepsin

35
Q

What is the role of pepsin?

A

Hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins

36
Q

What is the intrinsic factor and its role?

A

It is an enzyme responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12

37
Q

What does the enzyme gastroferrin do?

A

Helps absorption of iron

38
Q

What are the exocrine secretions of the pancreas?

A

Enzymes and alkalis

39
Q

What are the endocrine secretions of the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon

40
Q

How does the endocrine and exocrine secretions of the pancreas move?

A

Exocrine - acini and duct systems

Endocrine- islets of Langerhans

41
Q

What converts Trypsinogen to Trypsin?

A

Enterokinase

42
Q

What enzyme breaks down carbs?

A

Amylase

43
Q

What enzyme breaks down Fats?

A

Lipase

44
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

Production of bile, detoxification

, regulation of nutrients and removal of waste

45
Q

What is released into the duodenum after a meal?

A

Bile

46
Q

Why is bile important?

A

Emulsifiers of fat - helps absorb fats by forming micelles

47
Q

What are the main functions of the duodenum?

A

Mixing secretions from pancreas and liver, neutralisation of acid and absorption

48
Q

What is the role of the Jejunum?

A

Completing of food breakdown and nutrient absorption

49
Q

What is the function of the ileum?

A

Nutrient absorption

50
Q

What do the goblet cells of the small intestine produce?

A

Mucus

51
Q

What do the granular cells of the small intestine produce?

A

Enzymes

52
Q

What are the brush border enzymes?

A

Enzymes that help digest carbs

53
Q

How is protein digested chemically step by step?

A

In the stomach it is broken down by pepsin, it is then further broken down by enzymes such as trypsin and finally it is turned into amino acids but the brush border peptidases found in the small intestine and absorbed into the bloodstream

54
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs water and electrolytes to form poo

Absorption of vitamin K

55
Q

When blood glucose levels drop below the normal range what promotes the secretion of glucose into the bloodstream?

A

Glucagon

56
Q

When blood glucose levels rise above the normal range what happens?

A

Insulin is secreted to encourage glucose uptake from the blood

Biology 1A (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions