Chapter 6 - Epidemics Flashcards
What is an endemic?
The constant presence of a disease in a population
What was the bubonic plague?
A disease spread from rats that infected the lymphatic system and caused gangrene, buboes and sepsis
What was the name of the bacteria that caused the bubonic plague?
Yersinia Pestis
When was the bubonic plague?
541-746 AD
How was the bubonic plague treated?
Antibiotics and pest control
What virus caused smallpox in 1520?
Variola virus (pox virus )
What influenza viruses contains neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA)
Influenza A
What caused the Spanish flu?
Bird to human transmission
What bacteria caused syphilus?
Treponema Pallidum
What caused typhus?
Body Lice
What bacteria caused typhus?
Rickettsia Prowasekii
What did they treat typhus with?
Doxycycline
What bacteria caused typhoid fever?
Salmonella Typhi
What caused typhoid fever?
Bacteria ingested from faecal contaminated water/food
What bacteria caused cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
How do you treat TB?
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
What is prevalence?
The proportion of the population infected
example 3% or the total number in a country or across the world
What is incidence?
The frequency of a population acquiring infection
What is intensity?
Measure of the number or density of parasites per post
What is mortality?
The number of deaths in a given time or the percentage of deaths among all cases of infection
What is morbidity?
The level of ill-health or disability among all cases of infection or among the general population
What is DALYS?
Disability adjusted life years – a measure of overall disease burden – number of healthy years lost to the disease disability or early death
What is zoonosis?
An infection or disease that is transmissible from animals to humans under natural conditions
What are ectoparasites?
Fleas and ticks that live on the surface of the skin
What is toxocara canis a.k.a. helminth?
It is common round worm of dogs and foxes can cross placenta to infect puppies in utero
Describe the toxocara canis cycle?
Eggs hatch in stomach releasing larvae – larvae migrate into the lungs liver and brain – in dogs move to the small intestine and mature to adult worms – adult females release eggs and faeces
What is echinococcus granulosus?
Hydatid disease from sheep
What is toxoplasma Gondi a.k.a. toxoplasmoses?
It is a protozoon parasite that transfers from cats to humans
What is an intermediate host?
A temporary host used so that the parasite can mature at least one phase
What are the pathological consequences of toxoplasma infection
Cysts in the brain and changing behaviour – nice lose a version to cats – car drivers may be less correct affairs – in pregnancy it can affect the third trimester brain
What is the worlds most successful parasite?
Toxoplasma Gondi that affected 30% of humans – the infection came from cat litter and unwashed food and raw meat
What are the three types of lice?
The headlice – the pubic lice – the body lice
What are the four species of fleas important to humans?
Human fleas – pulex irritants
Cat flea - ctenocephadiles felis
Dog flea - ctenophalides canis
Tropical fat flea - Xenopsylla Cheopis
