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Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part III > Chapter 9: Diencephalon > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

VPL of the thalamus stands for?

A

ventroposterolateral nucleus

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2
Q

VPM of the thalamus stands for?

A

ventroposteromedial nucleus

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3
Q

VA of the thalamus stands for stands for?

A

ventral anterior

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4
Q

VL of the thalamus stands for?

A

ventral lateral

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5
Q

LGB of the thalamus stands for?

A

lateral geniculate body

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6
Q

MGB of the thalamus stands for?

A

medial geniculate body

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7
Q

AN of the thalamus stands for?

A

anterior nuclear group

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8
Q

MD of the thalamus stands for?

A

mediodorsal nucleus

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9
Q

Where does the VPL receive its input?

A

sensory from body and limbs

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10
Q

Where does the VPL send its output?

A

somatosensory cortex

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11
Q

Where does the VPM receive input from?

A

sensory from face, taste

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12
Q

Where does the VPM send its output?

A

somatosensory cortex

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13
Q

Where does the VA/VL of the thalamus receive input?

A

motor info from BG, cerebellum

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14
Q

Where does the VA/VL of the thalamus send its output?

A

motor cortices

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15
Q

Where does the LGB of the thalamus receive its input from?

A

visual from optic tract

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16
Q

Where does the LGB send its output?

A

first-degree visual cortex

17
Q

Where does the MGB of the thalamus receive its input?

A

auditory from inferior colliculus

18
Q

Where does the MGB of the thalamus send its output?

A

first-degree auditory cortex

19
Q

Where does the AN of the thalamus receive it’s input?

A

mamillary nucleus (via mammillothalamic tract)

20
Q

Where does AN of the thalamus send its output?

A

cingulate gyrus (part of Papez circuit)

21
Q

What is the function of the MD of the thalamus?

A

(dorsomedial nucleus) involved in memory

22
Q

Clinical correlate of the MD in the thalamus.

A

damaged in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

23
Q

What is function of the pulvinar nucleus?

A

helps integrate somesthetic, visual, and auditory input

24
Q

What is the function of midline/intralaminar thalamic nuclei?

A

involved in arousal

25
Q

Function of the hypothalamus?

A

helps maintain homeostasis; has roles in the autonomic ,endocrine, and limbic systems

26
Q

Lateral hypothalamic nuclei function? Lesion implications?

A

feeding center; lesion > starvation

27
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei function? Lesion?

A

satiety center; lesion > hyperphagia, obesity, savage behavior

28
Q

Suprachiasmatic nuclei function?

A

regulates circadian rhythms, receives direct retinal input

29
Q

Supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei function? Lesion implications?

A

synthesizes ADH and oxytocin; regulates water balances

Lesion > DI, characterized by polydipsia and polyuria

30
Q

Where is mamillary body nuclei found? Clinical correlation?

A

input from hippocampus; damaged in Wernicke encephalopathy

31
Q

Function of arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

produces hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors and gives rise to tuberohypophysial tract

Has neurons that produce dopamine (PIF) prolactin inhibiting factor

32
Q

What is the function of the anterior region of the hypothalamus?

A
  • temperature regulation; lesion > hyperthermia
  • stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
33
Q

What is the function of the posterior region of the hypothalamus?

A
  • temperature regulation, lesion > poikilothermia (inability to thermoregulate)
  • stimulates sympathetic nervous system
34
Q

What is the function of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus? Lesion implications?

A

regulates release of gonotrophic hormones, contains sexually dimorphic nucleus

Lesion before puberty > arrested sexual development: lesion after puberty > amenorrhea or impotence

35
Q

What is the function of the dorsomedial portion of the hypothalamus?

A

stimulation > savage behavior

36
Q

What is the function of the epithalamus?

A

consists of pineal body and habenuclear nucli, The pineal body secretes melatonin with a circadian rhythm

37
Q

What is the function of the subthalamus? Implications of lesion

A

subthalamic nucleus is involved in the basal ganglia circuitry. Lesion > hemiballisus (contralateral flinging movements of one or both extremities.)

38
Q

Symptoms Korsakoff?

A

anterograde and retrograde amnesia

39
Q

Symptoms of pinealoma?

A

precocious puberty in males

obstruction to CSF flow and increased ICP

Compression of upper midbrain and pretectal area by a pineal tumor resulting in Parinaud syndrome in which there is impairment of conjugate vertical gaze and pupillary reflex abnormalities

Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part III (13 decks)

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