Chapter 7: Basal Ganglia Flashcards
The striatum consists of what structures?
caudate nucleus and the putamen (telencephalon)
What are the parts of the basal ganglia?
- striatum, which consists of the caudate nucleus and the putamen (telencephalon)
- external and internal segments of the globus pallidus (telencephalon)
*substancia nigra (midbrain)
- subthalamic nucleus ( in diencephalon)
Understand where the major parts of the basal ganglia are on the image.
Refer to the image
Be able to draw out the basal ganglia pathway.
Draw out basal ganglia pathway
Does dopamine or ACh drive the direct pathway in the basal ganglia?
drives the direct pathway; inhibits indirect pathway
Does ACh drive the direct or indirect pathway of inhibition of the basal ganglia?
drives the indirect pathway
Which receptors does dopamine excite the direct basal ganglia pathway with?
D1 receptors
Which receptors does dopamine inhibit the indirect pathway through?
D2 receptors
Draw out the basal ganglia pathway.
Refer to diagram and draw out image.
What are major clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease?
bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, pill-rolling (resting) tremor, shuffling gate, stooped posture, masked face, depression
What are some causes of Parkinson disease?
infections, vascular and toxic insults (e.g MPTP)
What area of the brain is affected when one has Parkinsons?
loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra
Lewy bodies contain what presynaptic neuronal protein that is linked genetically and neuropathologically to Parkinson’s?
α-synuclein
What are some clinical manifestations of Huntington disease?
chorea (multiple, rapid, random movements>, atheatosis (slow, writhing movments>, personality changes, dementia
What is degenerating in a patient with Huntington disease?
degeneration of GABAergic neurons in neotriatum, causing atrophy of head of caudate nucleus (and ventricular dilation)