Chapter 9 - Defensive operations Flashcards
A type of fire attack in which firefighters advance into the fire building with hose lines or other extinguishing agents to overpower the fire.
The preferred strategy whenever conditions permit
Offensive attack
A type of fire attack in which exterior fire suppression operations are directed at protecting exposures
Defensive operation
Generally resulting in a larger property loss and limiting rescue operations
According to NFPA 1500, who must evaluate the situation to determine whether to implement an offensive or defensive strategy?
The first arriving officer
The defensive attack should be delayed until the building is completely cleared of ………
Firefighters
When the operation is changed from an offensive to defensive attack ,it is imperative that a ………… be conducted prior to commencing the defensive attack.
PAR
Personal accountability report
Offensive and defensive attacks must never be conducted in the same building at .…….
The same time
Fire companies must be reassigned to defensive operational tasks. Firm ……….. of the operation is essential during this critical transition
Command and control
Master stream appliances are primarily used in defensive attacks. The master stream oriented defensive attack typically requires only ……. fire fighter to direct the stream and ……….to operate the apparatus pumps
One fire fighter
&
Another one
2 total
These nozzles generally maintain better stream continuity for long distances, particularly when the stream is operated in opposition to the wind or when there is a crosswind
Solid stream nozzles
Positioning companies at ………. is usually safer than positioning for a frontal attack
Corners of the buildings
Exposure buildings that are higher than the fire building are also at a ……..risk
Greater
If a direct attack fails to control the fire or the effectiveness of a direct attack is questionable for any reason, first cover ……… and then direct as much water as possible onto the main body of the fire from a safe distance
Nearby exposures
Radiant heat passes through intact panes of glass. The IC must consider the possibility of fires starting inside exposed buildings due to ………..igniting combustibles that are near windows facing the fire building.
Radiant heat
Elevated master streams applying wide angle fog streams are particularly problematic in terms of interrupting the flow path of the ………. heated products of combustion.
Upward and outward
Personnel inside the fire zone should be kept to a minimum. Once master streams are in position, staffing needs to ………
Diminish
During defensive attacks, it is recommended to disconnect ………. from the apparatus to ensure that they are not used in appropriately
Abandoned hand lines
When handheld hose lines are required as part of a defensive attack, reduce fatigue by using ……… whenever possible.
Loops
Several separate Water systems that can be connected when necessary is called?
Cross-tied
During a defensive attack, there is no justification to risk ……… to firefighters.
There is seldom justification to risk ………. to expensive apparatus equipment
Injury
Damage
In ……. the first permanent American colony was founded in Jamestown, Virginia. It was destroyed by fire in January of ………
1607
1608
How many conflagrations did Boston experience prior to the revolutionary war?
9
A fire that spreads from building to building over a considerable distance beyond a natural or artificial barrier (city block)
Urban conflagration
A fire similar to configurations, but is confined within a complex or among adjacent blocks.
Generally of smaller scale than a Conflagration
Group fire
Most notable wildland urban interface fire occurred in Peshtigo Wisconsin, the same day as ………..
October 7 1871
Great Chicago Conflagration
What factor historically posed the greatest problem and is most often cited as a conflagration factor?
Wood shingle roofing
Wood shingle roofs or other burning materials a.k.a. ………. move upward via convection currents and are then carried by the wind to other areas.
Flying brands
Six tactical elements of successful conflagoration strategy are as follows:
- Evacuate and rescue people in imminent danger
- Evacuate and rescue people in the endangered area to beyond the secondary line of defense
- Set up a line of defense in an area with natural or artificial fire breaks
- Establish a secondary line of defense
- Narrow the flame front
- Provide flying brand patrols beyond the line of defense
The _______ portion of a defensive attack, where part of the building is still standing, can be extremely dangerous
Overall
Once a decision is made to conduct a defensive attack everyone, including firefighters, must immediately retreat from the _____ ______.
Collapse zone
The most effective way to protect exposures is to ______ the main volume of fire.
Extinguish
Which fire stream has the greatest reach and penetrating ability and is best suited to situations when the attack is on the main body of the fire in a large structure?
Solid stream
Which fire stream can be gently applied to an exposure, covering a wider area without breaking windows?
Fog pattern
Which streams from a variable stream nozzle are not generally considered equal to solid stream smoothbore, nozzles, but most are capable of penetrating the main body of fire?
Straight streams
Which city is the undisputed conflagration champion?
Constantinople
In conflagrations, once the flame front widens, what is the primary means of fire extension from building to building and from groups of buildings to other groups of buildings?
Radiant heat
The evacuation area in conflagrations must extend beyond the _______ line of defense, and the police department is typically the best agency to manage the actual evacuation.
Secondary
When setting up primary and secondary lines of defense for a conflagration, place apparatus, so they can be rapidly _____ if the line of defense must be abandoned.
Re-deployed
