Chapter 9 - Defensive operations

Question 1

A type of fire attack in which firefighters advance into the fire building with hose lines or other extinguishing agents to overpower the fire.

The preferred strategy whenever conditions permit

Answer 1

Offensive attack

Question 2

A type of fire attack in which exterior fire suppression operations are directed at protecting exposures

Answer 2

Defensive operation

Generally resulting in a larger property loss and limiting rescue operations

Question 3

According to NFPA 1500, who must evaluate the situation to determine whether to implement an offensive or defensive strategy?

Answer 3

The first arriving officer

Question 4

The defensive attack should be delayed until the building is completely cleared of ………

Answer 4

Firefighters

Question 5

When the operation is changed from an offensive to defensive attack ,it is imperative that a ………… be conducted prior to commencing the defensive attack.

Answer 5

PAR

Personal accountability report

Question 6

Offensive and defensive attacks must never be conducted in the same building at .…….

Answer 6

The same time

Question 7

Fire companies must be reassigned to defensive operational tasks. Firm ……….. of the operation is essential during this critical transition

Answer 7

Command and control

Question 8

Master stream appliances are primarily used in defensive attacks. The master stream oriented defensive attack typically requires only ……. fire fighter to direct the stream and ……….to operate the apparatus pumps

Answer 8

One fire fighter
&
Another one

2 total

Question 9

These nozzles generally maintain better stream continuity for long distances, particularly when the stream is operated in opposition to the wind or when there is a crosswind

Answer 9

Solid stream nozzles

Question 10

Positioning companies at ………. is usually safer than positioning for a frontal attack

Answer 10

Corners of the buildings

Question 11

Exposure buildings that are higher than the fire building are also at a ……..risk

Answer 11

Greater

Question 12

If a direct attack fails to control the fire or the effectiveness of a direct attack is questionable for any reason, first cover ……… and then direct as much water as possible onto the main body of the fire from a safe distance

Answer 12

Nearby exposures

Question 13

Radiant heat passes through intact panes of glass. The IC must consider the possibility of fires starting inside exposed buildings due to ………..igniting combustibles that are near windows facing the fire building.

Answer 13

Radiant heat

Question 14

Elevated master streams applying wide angle fog streams are particularly problematic in terms of interrupting the flow path of the ………. heated products of combustion.

Answer 14

Upward and outward

Question 15

Personnel inside the fire zone should be kept to a minimum. Once master streams are in position, staffing needs to ………

Answer 15

Diminish

Question 16

During defensive attacks, it is recommended to disconnect ………. from the apparatus to ensure that they are not used in appropriately

Answer 16

Abandoned hand lines

Question 17

When handheld hose lines are required as part of a defensive attack, reduce fatigue by using ……… whenever possible.

Answer 17

Loops

Question 18

Several separate Water systems that can be connected when necessary is called?

Answer 18

Cross-tied

Question 19

During a defensive attack, there is no justification to risk ……… to firefighters.

There is seldom justification to risk ………. to expensive apparatus equipment

Answer 19

Injury

Damage

Question 20

In ……. the first permanent American colony was founded in Jamestown, Virginia. It was destroyed by fire in January of ………

Answer 20

1607

1608

Question 21

How many conflagrations did Boston experience prior to the revolutionary war?

Answer 21

9

Question 22

A fire that spreads from building to building over a considerable distance beyond a natural or artificial barrier (city block)

Answer 22

Urban conflagration

Question 23

A fire similar to configurations, but is confined within a complex or among adjacent blocks.

Generally of smaller scale than a Conflagration

Answer 23

Group fire

Question 24

Most notable wildland urban interface fire occurred in Peshtigo Wisconsin, the same day as ………..
October 7 1871

Answer 24

Great Chicago Conflagration

Question 25

What factor historically posed the greatest problem and is most often cited as a conflagration factor?

Answer 25

Wood shingle roofing

Question 26

Wood shingle roofs or other burning materials a.k.a. ………. move upward via convection currents and are then carried by the wind to other areas.

Answer 26

Flying brands

Question 27

Six tactical elements of successful conflagoration strategy are as follows:

Answer 27

1. Evacuate and rescue people in imminent danger
2. Evacuate and rescue people in the endangered area to beyond the secondary line of defense
3. Set up a line of defense in an area with natural or artificial fire breaks
4. Establish a secondary line of defense
5. Narrow the flame front
6. Provide flying brand patrols beyond the line of defense

Question 28

The _______ portion of a defensive attack, where part of the building is still standing, can be extremely dangerous

Answer 28

Overall

Question 29

Once a decision is made to conduct a defensive attack everyone, including firefighters, must immediately retreat from the _____ ______.

Answer 29

Collapse zone

Question 30

The most effective way to protect exposures is to ______ the main volume of fire.

Answer 30

Extinguish

Question 31

Which fire stream has the greatest reach and penetrating ability and is best suited to situations when the attack is on the main body of the fire in a large structure?

Answer 31

Solid stream

Question 32

Which fire stream can be gently applied to an exposure, covering a wider area without breaking windows?

Answer 32

Fog pattern

Question 33

Which streams from a variable stream nozzle are not generally considered equal to solid stream smoothbore, nozzles, but most are capable of penetrating the main body of fire?

Answer 33

Straight streams

Question 34

Which city is the undisputed conflagration champion?

Answer 34

Constantinople

Question 35

In conflagrations, once the flame front widens, what is the primary means of fire extension from building to building and from groups of buildings to other groups of buildings?

Answer 35

Radiant heat

Question 36

The evacuation area in conflagrations must extend beyond the _______ line of defense, and the police department is typically the best agency to manage the actual evacuation.

Answer 36

Secondary

Question 37

When setting up primary and secondary lines of defense for a conflagration, place apparatus, so they can be rapidly _____ if the line of defense must be abandoned.

Answer 37

Re-deployed