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NFPA Structural Firefighting Strategy And Tactics > Chapter 5- Firefighter safety > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Firefighter safety Flashcards

1
Q

The most important safety factor at the scene of a structure fire is a well organized operation based on a solid……

A

Risk versus benefit analysis utilizing effective tactics

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2
Q

A properly coordinated fire attack with proper ventilation greatly reduces the risk of ……….

A

Fire fighter injury

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3
Q

At the scene of a major and widespread fire, who is often the only person with a complete view of the fire scene

A

Incident safety officer

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4
Q

The NFPA has compiled and analyze fire fighter on duty fatality statistics since what year?

A

1977

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5
Q

NFPA 1500 defines this term as an injury sustained during the duties, responsibilities, and functions of a fire department member.

A

Occupational injury

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6
Q

Which fire resulted in the largest loss of life of firefighters?

A

World trade center fire in 2001

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7
Q

It is highly recommended that all fire departments appoint an individual as the ………..

A

Department safety officer.

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8
Q

What year was the first NFPA 1500 (Standard on fire department occupational safety and health program) adopted?

Minimum standards of safety

A

1987

With subsequent revisions every five years

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9
Q

What occupancy type do most fires occur and where do most fire fighter fatalities occur?

A

Home dwellings and apartments

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10
Q

Which occupancy has the highest percentage of on duty fire fighter fatalities?

A

Manufacturing occupancy

22.5%

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11
Q

What are responsible for almost 1/3 of fire fighter fatalities at structure fires?

A

Sudden cardiac deaths

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12
Q

How long does a 30 minute rated air bottle usually provide air supply for?

A

20 minutes

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13
Q

Low air alarm should sound with how much air remaining in the bottle?

A

33% or approximately 10 minutes of escape time

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14
Q

The single most important ability the fire officer must acquire is being skilled at recognizing the point at which the risk to firefighters lives outweighs the……….

A

Possible benefits of saving lives and property

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15
Q

UL studies have indicated that flashover is likely to occur in modern furnishings …………

A

Prior to the arrival of the first to fire company in residential occupancies

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16
Q

Flash over in a living room furnished with modern furniture occurred in ……. Minutes, compared to …….. Minutes for the same room furnished with legacy furnishings.

A

3 and a half minutes

29 and a half minutes

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17
Q

A general rule used for estimating the length of time until structural collapse occurs.

Stating that when a heavy volume of fire is burning out of control on two or more floors for 20 minutes or longer in a building of ordinary construction, structural collapse should be anticipated

A

20 minute rule

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18
Q

Masonry buildings with exterior stars are generally more prone to………

A

Collapse

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19
Q

NFPA 1500 requires dispatch centers to notify command every ………. minutes until the fire is knocked down, incident becomes static, or the IC cancels the notification.

A

10 minutes

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20
Q

light weight roofs supported by trusses, when a fire has self vented, the roof is likely to be unsafe and the need for ……. is questionable

A

Roof operations

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21
Q

What are the four important questions a fire officer should ask prior to assigning firefighters to roof operations?

A
  1. Are roof operations necessary

2 what do I hope to gain or benefit by opening the roof?

  1. How long has the fire been Impinging on the roof components?
  2. What is the safest method of operating on this roof? (arial device, roof ladder)
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22
Q

A roof that consists of layers of material supporting soil used to grow vegetation on a roof which also provides roof insulation.

A

Green roof

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23
Q

These add to a roof load and create a potential ignition source, making roof ventilation more difficult.

Also

These create an electric shock hazard because disconnecting the electrical service to a building does not deenergize the direct current roof system.

A

Solar panels

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24
Q

Opening the door at the top of the stairway leading to a basement fire creates ……..?

A

A vertical vent opening

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25
When available, what should be the first choice for direct fire attack in a basement?
Walk out basement doors
26
If a decision is made to conduct an offensive attack in a basement fire, how should firefighters enter the building and what should they expect?
Enter the building cautiously with a charged hose line, expecting a rapid increase in fire intensity when opening doors and windows that vent the basement
27
A spongy floor is a very late indicator of............
Impending floor collapse
28
This practice is especially important when opening doors leading to basements?
Checking the door for heat Being ready to stop venting by controlling the door
29
There is a high likelihood of a ventilation limited fire in a.........
Concealed space
30
These devices can be used to find hotspots in Concealed spaces, but these areas should be opened up if there is any doubt in fire extension
TICs
31
Prior to opening concealed spaces, what must be in place to limit fire spread?
A charged hose line
32
These buildings will normally be masonry or metal on the exterior with lightweight metal trusses as a roof structure. They also often have large open areas with long structural spans.
Noncombustible building
33
Once the fire enters the truss space of a non-combustible building, expect .........
Imminent roof collapse
34
A wide area beyond the hazard control zones, usually staffed by police to keep unauthorized people away from the scene
Fire perimeter
35
Within the hazard control zone, this zone is where personal protective clothing is not required. Houses Command post, rehab, and medical treatment areas
Cold Zone
36
An operating area, considered safe for only individuals wearing appropriate levels of personal protective clothing
Hot zone
37
What would be considered the Hot zone for a fire in a multi story building?
The fire floor Floors above the fire One or two floors below the fire
38
Where would the cold zone be located during a fire in a multi story building?
The area on all sides of the exterior
39
What action should a fire fighter who discovers or suspects an electrical shock hazard(eg. wires down, damaged electrical equipment)?
Take immediate action to warn others
40
Never use solid streamed nozzles or apply water directly to electrical equipment that is burning or arching when fighting fires near .........
Downed power lines.
41
What nozzle can you use to break up the water stream and help prevent electrical current from flowing back to the nozzle?
High pressure fog nozzle
42
What remains a major life safety and extinguishment factor?
Response times
43
The time from the receipt of the alarm by the fire department until the apparatus crosses the front door sill of the fire station or otherwise begins response toward the scene
Turn out time
44
NFPA 1221 states that turn out time for a fire should be how long?.......... | and turn out time for an EMS response should be how long?........
80 seconds 60 seconds
45
The time necessary to position the apparatus, advance the first hose line into attack position, and apply water
Set up time
46
After the IC staffs all of the attack and support positions, there is a need to establish a........
Tactical reserve
47
The process of heating solid materials until combustible vapors are emitted
Pyrolysis
48
Small, enclosed rooms quickly consume available fuel and or oxygen, creating potential..........
Flashover or Backdraft conditions
49
A system that was established on the fire ground to ensure that everyone entering the area has a specific assignment And To track all personnel at the scene and to identify the location of any missing personnel is catastrophic event should occur.
Accountability system
50
Routine request for a ....... at a designated time or whenever there is a change in strategy reinforces the concept of personal accountability and ensures that officers are aware of the location of the personnel assigned to them
PAR
51
If the IC Can no longer affectively monitor safety at the scene, the ....... should be separately staffed
Safety officer Monitors all areas were firefighters are working
52
In large buildings, the interior stairs are the preferred...........
Means of access and egress
53
Early in an operation, this important task should be accomplished?
Effective Laddering the building
54
Studies conducted by phoenix fire department determined that rescue of a downed firefighter will require at least ............
12 firefighters
55
What tasks can the RIC complete while doing a walk around the building?
Improving egress by forcing doors Placing ladders Removing obstacles
56
If the RIC deploys a hose line, it is best to provide a ..........
Separate water supply
57
On a high-rise operation on an upper floor, where should the RIC & RIC equipment be located?
One or more floors below the fire floor They should not be located in an area where they need to activate their SCBA while on standby
58
Who should be trained in rapid intervention techniques
All members of the fire department
59
How should a disoriented fire fighter request assistance, who is not in imminent danger?
Activate their PASS and conserve air while awaiting assistance
60
When should the PASS device be activated after a mayday is declared?
Immediately
61
``` What is L U N A R ```
``` Location Unit Name Assignment / Air Resources ```
62
Whenever possible all interior hose lines should attack from the ...........
Same access point
63
Which NFPA provide specific test methods and requirements for each element of protective clothing?
NFPA 1971 | Standard on protective ensembles for structural firefighting and proximity fire fighting
64
initial decontamination should be established on the fire scene to remove .........?
Large fire debris on the PPE
65
The air and surfaces within a post fire compartment contains smoke particles and condensed liquids that when inhaled ........?
Pose a long-term health threat.
66
When is the best time to rotate personnel through rehabilitation?
The time between fire suppression and final overhaul while the building air is out.
67
When should the IC develop an overhaul plan?
The time between active fire fighting and overhaul.
68
- Pre-incident hydration - Incident rehabilitation - Post-incident recovery Are the three phases of ........,
Rehabilitation
69
What is the NFPA number for rehabilitation?
NFPA 1584 standard on the rehabilitation process for members during emergency operations and training exercises
70
How much water should firefighters prehydrate while awaiting calls?
6 to 8 ounces of water every 6 hours
71
Where should an apparatus used for rehabilitation be placed?
In the cold zone, so members can dress down while resting and rehydrating
72
NFPA 1584 stipulates that rehabilitation should be provided after depletion of ......... or ........... SCBA air cylinders, depletion of a ......... SCBA air cylinder, or after ............ of strenuous work without SCBA
2 - 30 minute or 45 minute a SCBA bottles 1 - 60 minute SCBA bottle 40 minutes
73
Which vital signs should be checked as a minimum in rehabilitation?
Pulse, respirations, and temperature
74
What is the rehabilitation units responsibility?
Determine when members can return to action, treat injuries, and transport personnel when necessary
75
The phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed either the available fuel or oxygen to a point that the fire begins to diminish in intensity
Decay phase
76
Who should survey the entire incident scene and has the authority to immediately stop unsafe operations?
The incident safety officer
77
Where and when is the report of on duty fire fighter fatalities for the previous calendar year published each year?
July/August addition of NFPA journal
78
Where and when is the annual report of on duty fire fighter injury, published?
November/December issue of NFPA journal
79
Which NFPA provides the requirements for safety measures to be taken at the incident scene, as well as protective clothing, apparatus, fire stations, medical qualifications, and others?
NFPA 1500 Standard on fire department, occupational safety, and health program (1987)
80
What burning fertilizer plant killed 10 emergency first responders on 4/17/2013?
West fertilizer explosion
81
______ can radically affect the time to flashover
Ventilation
82
The primary fuel load for most structure fires is made up of the ______ _______.
Combustible contents
83
In California, these will be required in new home construction beginning in 2020.
PV solar panels
84
These had a cross-sectional dimension of 1.75” x 7.56”.
Older 2 X 8s
85
These have a cross-sectional dimension of 1.5” x 9.12”.
New 2 X 10s
86
A ______ ______of the structure by the first arriving company is imperative to identify these basement entrances.
360 evaluation
87
What represents a no entry zone that no one is permitted to enter, regardless of the level of protective clothing?
Collapse zone
88
Two blocks in all directions beyond the building on fire is a good general rule for the ______ ______.
Fire perimeter
89
Who has a responsibility to establish and enforce the hot zone?
IC and safety officer
90
For overhead power pole, fires, or hanging wires, clear a zone _____ to the distance between two poles.
Equal
91
A less vented room may go into ______ ______ to due to lack of oxygen or fuel.
Decay phase
92
In which type of fires could heat result in fatal injuries, but a lack of oxygen and toxic gases usually plays a larger roll than in fires that rapidly progress to flash over.
Ventilation, limited fires
93
Defined in NFPA 1710 as the time interval that begins when a unit is in route to the emergency incident and ends when a unit arrives at the scene.
Travel time
94
The size of the _____ _____ depends on the stage of the incident and the number of units working, as well as the type of incident.
Tactical reserve
95
Most of the fuel load in a structure fire will be in the form of _____ _____.
Solid materials
96
The safety officer cannot effectively be the _____ officer
Accountability
97
What is a mild sign of dehydration?
Thirst

NFPA Structural Firefighting Strategy And Tactics (10 decks)

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