Chapter 6 - Life safety Flashcards
In the vast majority of cases, what is the best life safety tactic?
Extinguishing or controlling the fire
If the fire can be quickly extinguished, what is the top life safety priority?
Providing the required rate of flow.
People who are visible at windows might or might not be in grave danger. Occupants who are unable to reach a window are likely
………
To be in more danger
What can be used in extending the time available for evacuation by providing a barrier between victims and the fire?
Fire doors and firewalls
Hose lines can be used to protect egress routes
Which crew should not be included in the staffing needed for rescue and evacuation?
The first in engine crew
They should focus on extinguishing the fire.
- Strong evidence that a savable victim remains inside the building
- Known location of victim
- Victim location directly accessible through exterior opening such as a window
- Victim unable to be safely rescued by interior stairway
Are all indications for a …………?
V.E.I.S.
When venting to support extinguishment, it is important to coordinate hose line placement with ………
Ventilation
When venting for …………, the principle is to draw the fire, heat, smoke, and toxic gases away from victims, stairs, and other egress routes.
Life safety purposes
Vent openings made in the wrong location may……..
Draw fire, heat, and toxic gases into areas containing firefighters
When venting, what should be considered?
Wind direction and velocity
Location of the fire
When venting to save lives, it may be necessary to vent before having a hose line ready. However this is a risky tactic that should only be used ……….:
As a last resort
How should victims be evacuated who are located below grade level or above grade level?
Whenever possible Interior stairways
This concept is now being used in occupancies such as high rise buildings and healthcare facilities in which occupants are moved away from the fire area but remain in the structure
Defend in place concept
Which route is preferred over all other means of egress from upper floors when they are tenable?
Interior stairs
If the ……….. is structurally sound, it is preferred over all other methods other than the interior stairway?
Fire escape
Placing ground ladders in position next to the fire escape at the second floor level provides an alternate or second means of escape from the fire escape.
Where is it best to place the ground ladder?
On the opposite side of the fire escape ladder
If the stairways and corridor’s leading to the stairways are relatively clear of smoke, use the ………….
Stairs
Not ladders
Rescues and evacuation via interior stairs, fire escapes, aerial apparatus, and ground ladders are considered acceptable, and even the ……….. under certain circumstances.
Preferred means of egress
Elevators, scaling ladders, ropes, helicopters, and airbags are all questionable rescue methods that are………….
Potentially hazardous
If an ………… is remote and separated from the fire area with an auxiliary power supply, using it for Rescue purposes, especially to evacuate immobile occupants, may be the best tactic.
Elevator
When is a marking system highly recommended?
When searching a large building with many rooms
Sometimes it is possible to designate specific stairways as ………. and other stairways for fire operations
Evacuation routes
What is the only reliable way to verify evacuation status and fire conditions?
Firefighters enter the structure and systematically check every room
Who is the most difficult victim to Rescue?
Someone who has been felled by the smoke, heat, or gases in an unknown location
In which phases of a fire do occupants tend to rescue themselves once they are aware of the fire?
Ignition and early growth phases
Later as the fire becomes larger and produces greater quantities of smoking toxic gases, occupants may be conscious but unable to exit until ………
The fire is extinguished
The time available until the structure becomes untenable?
This time will vary depending on numerous building factors, as well as building’s fuel load
Critical time
If the IC determines that time does not permit to rescue all of the occupants, ……….. should be established to Rescue as many victims as possible?
Victim triage
Whenever possible, doors should be closed after the search is complete to ……….?
Limit fire spread and damage
Mobile or unconscious victims will require at least ……. for each victim, or more typically ………. per victim
1 rescuer
2 rescuers
What should firefighters do whenever possible while working in a multi story building before extending to the fire floor or floors above?
Survey and uninvolved floor
What areas do large windows usually indicate?
What do small windows usually indicate?
Common areas(Living rooms or family rooms)
Bedrooms
Most occupants will either escape on their own, if given direction, will be able to ……… without assistance
Evacuate
The key to a successful search is to be ……….
Systematic
Who should the fire fighter prioritize rescuing first at the scene of a fire?
- People on the fire floor nearest the immediate fire
- People in proximity to the fire on the same level as the fire
- People on the floor above the fire especially immediately over the fire
- People on the top floor
- People on the floors between the floor above the fire and the top floor
- People on the floors below the fire
- People and nearby buildings
- People outside (in collapse zone)
A mass casualty incident occurs when one or more of the following situations exist?
- The number of victims and the nature of their injuries make the normal level of the stabilization in care unattainable
- The number of immediately available trained personnel and transportation vehicles are insufficient
- Hospital capabilities are insufficient to handle all of the victims requiring care
Mass casualty is defined in terms of …… and …….. capabilities?
Department and community
……….. Is the first medical priority in managing a medical disaster. The first arriving EMS personnel should not leave the scene until they are relieved of …….. responsibilities.
Triage
Triage
One system of prioritizing patients during triage uses for categories. They are as a follows:
- Life threatening priority (red)
- Serious, but not life-threatening priority (yellow)
- Walking wounded (green)
- Deceased (black)
Who should document where and when each patient is transported?
Medical planning officer
Or scribe
It is essential to advance a _______hose line into position to extinguish the fire.
Charged
A common life, safety venting tactic involves opening a ______ at the top of a stairway.
Scuttle
Strategically placed hose lines can offset the negative affects of improper ________
Venting
Directing fire towards victims, toward their escape routes, or into unburned areas, are all negative sides to ______-_______ _______.
Positive-pressure venting
If _____-_____-_____strategy is employed, the spaces must be monitored for products of combustion that cannot be seen
Defend-in-place
If properly maintained, what are the second best option for means of egress from upper floors?
Fire escapes
What are 2 certain circumstances where ground ladders are preferred over aerial devices?
Buildings are setback from the street
when 2 or 3 firefighters can quickly access the second or third floor
The use of _______ in the immediate fire area is hazardous to everyone including firefighters
Elevators
When should victims be provided direction and permitted to evacuate on their own whenever possible, allowing available firefighters to perform the more crucial task of search and rescue?
When there are a limited number of emergency personnel available
Whenever possible, the IC should drive around the fire building to see all sides before setting this up?
Command post
Firefighters assigned to search and rescue tasks should be equipped with which tools
Forcible entry tools
The key to successful search operations is to be _______.
Systematic
If conditions and resources permit, when should a secondary search be conducted?
As soon as the primary search is complete
For most fire incidents, where should the medical units be set up?
Within the cold zone or beyond
