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NFPA Structural Firefighting Strategy And Tactics > Chapter 2 - Procedures, Preincident Planning, And size-up > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Procedures, Preincident Planning, And size-up Flashcards

1
Q

Written rules, policies, regulations, and procedures intended to organize operations in a predictable manner

A

Standard operating procedures (SOP)

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2
Q

SOP‘s should be modified to include tactics related to recent research regarding….?

A

Fire behavior
venting
flow path
staffing

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3
Q

Although SOP’s must be written specifically for the department, there is a need for……:

A

Regional planning when writing procedures

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4
Q

Which unit responding is it best to provide specific SOP‘s for?

A

First arriving engine company

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5
Q

NFPA 1500

Standard on fire department occupational safety, health, and wellness program

A

If new equipment is placed in service, the availability of the equipment makes a statement that firefighters are expected to be able to use the equipment safely.

When a new tactic or SOP is introduced, the equipment necessary to perform the new tasks must be produced and firefighters must be trained to safely implement the tactic

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6
Q

Cooling hot fire gases using rapid, short duration application (usually 15 to 60 seconds) from a straight or smooth bore fire stream aimed at a steep angle toward the ceiling from the safest affective location. When using this tactic, water is often applied from the exterior to the interior of a building.

A

Softening the Target

Tactic is often referred to as a transitional attack

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7
Q

What must be completed anytime new equipment is introduced or a new procedure is written?

A

The equipment - SOP - training cycle

Equipment->SOP->Training

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8
Q

What is the non-compliant unit or member required to do, when a decision is made to modify procedures?

A

Communicate the variance and be prepared to justify the modification.

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9
Q

What is the most valued fire suppression resource in any community?

A

The fire fighter

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10
Q

In order for firefighters to achieve this, a ………… requires firefighters know the street layout and addresses and their response area.

A

A rapid response

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11
Q

Firefighters should know the capabilities of the water supply system available in their……..?

A

Response area

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12
Q

A well-maintained water distribution system with closely spaced fire hydrants and large flow capacity provides the……..?

A

Ideal water supply

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13
Q

If applied properly, most residential fires can be extinguished, or at least controlled, with the water carried on the pumper with this hose line?

A

1 3/4 inch hose line

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14
Q

What operation will be required if the water supply is from a static source?

A

Drafting

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15
Q

If a water shuttle operation is implemented, the IC should establish this?

A

A water supply group

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16
Q

How Heavy is water per gallon?

A

8.3 lbs per gallon

Water is heavier than many other liquids that are transported via tank truck

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17
Q

These pipelines tend to present a greater hazard than natural gas pipelines as the products in these pipelines are generally liquid and tend to runoff, emitting vapors that are often heavier than air.

A

Petroleum pipelines

Significant risk to occupants and firefighters

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18
Q

Natural gas is lighter than air therefore it tends to

A

Rise

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19
Q

Common wood frame buildings built prior to 1940 in which the wall studs extend vertically from the basement of the structure to the roof

A

Balloon frame

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20
Q

Construction technique post 1940, using separate components to build the frame of a structure (one floor at a time.) Each floor has a top and a bottom plate that act as fire stops.

A

Platform-frame construction

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21
Q

The department pre-incident planning process should include identifying these locations?

A

Pipeline locations

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22
Q

These often delay fire department entry into a property, and hinder occupant evacuation.

A

Security barriers

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23
Q

All properties requiring lockboxes according to the local code, use this piece of equipment?

NFPA 1 Fire Code

A

The same dedicated key

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24
Q

Lockbox systems are usually placed at properties with the following features:

A
  • An alarm system is tied to a central station
  • Chemicals are stored in reportable quantities according to the SARA
  • Properties that require immediate access by the fire department
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25
Q

Who would be the best Option in conducting a pre-incident plan survey of a property?

A

Personnel who are most likely going to respond to that property.

Whoever conducts the pre-incident survey should share their findings with other members who routinely respond to the premises, preferably in the form of an instructional program.

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26
Q

Changes to the interior of a building can greatly effect safety and tactics. In some cases, a building that contained a fairly light ……, may change occupants, with a Subsequent change in the ………. and/ or ………

A

Fuel load

Life hazard and or fuel load

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27
Q

Pre-incident plan information that is not immediately available will be of limited use to the IC or company officers during……..

A

Initial operations

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28
Q

What is the most difficult to construct and most important part of the pre-incident plan?

A

Drawings

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29
Q

NFPA 1620

A

Standard for pre-incident planning

There should be an SOP describing the pre-incident planning system

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30
Q

A plan used when a property has more than three buildings or when it is necessary to show the layout of the premises and relationship between buildings on the site.

Used to identify building and fire protection features as well as hazards for each building

A

Complex pre-incident plan

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31
Q

A plan for a property with a substantial risk to life and / or property; includes a drawing of the property, specific floor layout, and a narrative describing important features

A

Formal pre-incident plan

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32
Q

A piece of information about the premises, such as damages to the building from a previous fire. This information may accompany a pre-incident plan or may be available when the building does not have A pre-incident plan.

Marking the exterior of dangerous buildings, such as painting a large X at the top level of a building that should not be entered because of structural problems

A

Notation preplan

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33
Q

Size up/pre-plan factors,
The building name and address and owners/managers/agents name, with telephone numbers and emergency contact information, should all be included in the ………?

A

Pre-incident plan narrative

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34
Q

This simple icon provides basic information regarding construction type, hazards of contents, sprinkler and standpipe systems, and occupancy or life hazards.

The center of this symbol is reserved for special hazards such as hazardous materials.

A

Maltese cross

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35
Q

The center of the Maltese cross is reserved for special hazards. Typically, this is used to identify hazardous chemicals using ………?

Standard system for the identification of the hazards of materials for emergency response

A

NFPA 704

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36
Q

What should be consulted when developing a symbol system for use in pre-incident planning?

A

NFPA 170

Standard for fire safety and emergency symbols

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37
Q

What assignments should be avoided on the pre-incident plan?

A

Specific tactical assignments

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38
Q

When is there a need for the fire department to prepare a pre-incident plan for particular properties?

A

High Life Hazard (including firefighters safety issues)

Difficult extinguishment problem

High-value property

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39
Q

SOP’s are not etched in stone. When can they be modified?

A

During preplanning or whenever situations dictate a different course of action.

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40
Q

Heavy roof loading or unusual building features that could lead to a partial or total collapse should be…….

A

Noted in the pre-fire plan

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41
Q

What type of identification should be noted for buildings that have previously been damaged by fire or weather?

A

A notation-type pre-incident plan

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42
Q

Nursing homes, hospitals, places of assembly, schools, churches, and other places holding large numbers of people or a significant number of disabled people should be ……

A

Preplanned

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43
Q

Subdividing of A building into small areas ( rooms ) capable of limiting the spread of fire and the products of combustion.

Most residential buildings are divided into a series of small rooms requiring much less water than in a large undivided warehouse.

A

Compartmentation

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44
Q

The most important factors, assessed during size up, which change from incident to incident and depend on specific incident conditions

A

Primary factors

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45
Q

Less important factors at an incident, which change from incident incident and depend on specific incident conditions

A

Secondary factors

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46
Q

When does size up actually begin?

A

Before the incident with the development of SOP’s and pre-incident planning

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47
Q

Smoke and fire conditions are directly related to occupant survival as well as firefighter safety. These would be examples of ……. factors and a structure fire

A

Primary factors

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48
Q

Most fires in occupied residential buildings are oxygen limited and go through this phase, where a decrease in temperature in smoke production could result in no visible signs of smoke on the exterior.

A

Decay phase

49
Q

And oxygen sufficient condition in which room temperatures reach the ignition temperature of the suspended pyrolytic emissions, causing all combustible contents to suddenly ignite.

A

Flashover

Occupants inside post flashover compartments have a very low probability of survival

50
Q

A fire condition that occurs when oxygen is introduced into a super heated, oxygen deficient compartment charged with smoke and pyrolytic emissions, resulting in an explosive ignition

A

Backdraft

Smoke and fire conditions can also provide a warning of an impending Backdraft

51
Q

When openings are available, smoke will try to reach the same temperature as the temperature on the other side of the opening. In most cases, smoke will go to the …….. opening unless when conditions reversed the vent path.

A

Nearest and largest openings

52
Q

The movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure fire area toward the lower pressure area on the interior and exterior of a structure

A

Flow path

53
Q

What is the direction of fire travel based on basic chemistry and physics of fire?

A

Products of combustion travel Upward until reaching a barrier. They will then travel horizontally to fill the top of the compartment and, if contained, will travel downward.

The upward path could also be through concealed wall areas (balloon frame construction is particularly noted for this)

54
Q

What are the smaller pathways that Fire may travel in platform frame construction and other types of construction with fire barriers?

A

Utility openings for drains, water pipes, electrical wiring, and others

55
Q

What are the increased dangers that come with improper venting?

A

Spread and accelerate Fire

Change the ventilation flow path

Precipitate a Backdraft or flash over

56
Q

Where should the ventilation opening direct the flow path and fire?

A

Away from occupants and firefighters

57
Q

When Venting an area, What is also essentially needed?

A

Hose lines that are placed to attack the fire

58
Q

What determines how likely the building is to be occupied at the time of a fire? Number of occupants, fuel load, fuel tape, value of the contents, and many other essential facts?

A

The building’s use

59
Q

What is the maximum occupant load per square foot by occupancy type?

A

One person per 100 ft2 in an office building

60
Q

A floor area with at least two rooms separated by smoke resisting partitions in a building protected by a sprinkler system, or a space located in an egress path that is separated from other building spaces.

During a fire emergency, the fire department must always check this area.

A

Area of refuge

Firefighters must know the location, how many occupants could be at the area of refuge, and what the occupants and building managers expect to happen doing an emergency.

61
Q

What is the purpose of setting up the fire perimeter?

A

To keep nonresponsive people out of the emergency area.

62
Q

A formal accountability system is required by ………

The primary fire fighter accountability system is utilizing the incident management system or NIMS

A

NFPA 1500

63
Q

Who does the fire department accountability system account for?

A

All the firefighters and their location at the incident scene

Not
Building occupants

64
Q

A team of at least two firefighters must be immediately available to rescue fellow firefighters who need assistance

A

Rapid intervention Team

65
Q

When should the primary means of egress and locations of the preferred evacuation pathways be identified?

A

During the pre-incident plan

66
Q

Who should perform the secondary search and why

A

A different Company than who performed the primary search.

They may look in areas that the first team overlooked

67
Q

How large should the collapse zone of a structure be?

A

1 1/2 times the height of the building, to account for falling debris.

68
Q

NFPA standard on types of building construction?

A

NFPA 220

69
Q

NFPA # on building construction and safety code

A

NFPA 5000

70
Q

What are the five types of building construction?

A

Type I : Fire Resistive

Type II : non-combustible

Type III : ordinary

Type IV : Heavy timber

Type V : Wood frame

71
Q

Which type of construction is superior to all other building types in regard to structural stability under fire conditions?

A

Type I - Fire resistive

72
Q

Large buildings are usually constructed using which construction type?

A

Type 2 : Non-combustible

73
Q

Which construction type is usually limited in size?

A

Type V: Wood frame

74
Q

What should be done on the Pre-incident plan if a truss roof is present, especially a long span truss roof?

A

It should be highlighted on the pre-plan narrative and a symbol added to the drawing indicating the truss roof

75
Q

What Do some departments place on buildings to indicate structural damage or other structural problems?

A

Place a placard directly on the building

76
Q

The weight of a building;

consist of the weight of all materials of construction Incorporated into a building

A

Dead load

77
Q

The weight of the buildings contents, people, or anything that is not part of the permanently attached to the structure

A

Live loads

78
Q

NFPA 1, requires that water absorbent materials be stored no closer than ………. from a wall?

A

24 inches

79
Q

Fire spreads through concealed spaces and from area to area when enclosures are ……..

A

Missing or weak

80
Q

What is the Construction building type that does not contain multiple concealed spaces?

Most others do contain concealed spaces.

A

Type IV

Heavy timber

81
Q

If the concealed space involved in a fire contains a truss roof or floor simply what should you expect?

A

Expect rapid collapse

82
Q

What is the NFPA# for the standard on thermal Images for the fire service?

A

NFPA 1801

83
Q

A fairly new phenomenon, this roof is designed to grow grass and other vegetation on it

A

Green roof

84
Q

Both solar panels and green roofs add to the roof load and hinder this type of ventilation?

A

Vertical ventilation

85
Q

In most cases, how many crew members should be assigned to a hose line?

A

A full company

86
Q

How many types of standpipe systems Exist?

A

Class 1
Class 2
Class 3

87
Q

Which two standpipe classes are designed to be used by firefighters and have a required minimum flow rate?

A

Class 1 & Class 3

88
Q

When a building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system, what is the primary tactic involved?

A

Letting the system do its job while firefighters support the system and move in for final extinguishment.

89
Q

How many firefighters should be assembled to function as the RIC to provide for initial fire fighter Rescue?

A

4

But minimum of 2

90
Q

What is needed when all staffing or all apparatus are being used and the incident is not resolved?

A

A tactical reserve

91
Q

What is a standby crew called with firefighter gear with or without an apparatus?

A

A staged company

92
Q

Larger properties with high-voltage service, firefighters should not attempt to……..?

A

Disrupt the power supply

93
Q

Who has the experience, training, and equipment to shut down electrical and pipe to gas supplies?

A

Utility company personnel

94
Q

What can determine the likelihood of people being in the building in their degree of awareness?

A

The time of day

95
Q

During very cold or very hot weather, most buildings will be tightly sealed to maintain internal temperatures, increasing the likelihood of …….

A

Ventilation limited fires

96
Q

NFPA 1 Fire Code..What does the right side of the Maltese cross address?

A

Fire protection features

N=No protection; this building is not protected by a sprinkler or standpipe system

97
Q

NFPA1 fire code… What does the bottom of the Maltese cross identify?

A

Relative life hazard

98
Q

NFPA 1 fire code… What does the left side of the Maltese cross used to indicate?

A

The content hazard

M= Moderate fire hazard regarding contents in the building

99
Q

NFPA 1 Fire Code..What does the center of the Maltese cross represent?

A

Special hazards,

Typically used to identify hazardous chemicals using NFPA 704

100
Q

SOP’s and a good size up are necessary prerequisites in the development of an _____ _____ _____.

A

Incident action plan

101
Q

The ability to save lives and property is directly related to______ ______.

A

Response time

102
Q

It is necessary to have an alternate _____ _____ strategy

A

Water supply

103
Q

Using the onboard water supply to attack the fire, sometimes referred to as an _____ ______ tactic.

A

Attack pumper

104
Q

When the distance from the fire to the pumper that is supplying hose lines to attack the fire exceeds pump, hydraulic, or hose, limitations, and alternative _____ ______layout is needed.

A

Water supply

105
Q

What is one way to provide a continuous water supply when the water supply is a considerable distance from the fire?

A

Relay pumping

106
Q

When large diameter hose is used, relay pumping, can provide over ______ gallons per minute GPM over a long distance.

A

1000 GPM

107
Q

Buildings being ______ will show the common construction characteristics for an era, and provide a look inside the buildings skeleton.

A

Demolished

108
Q

Keeping pre-incident plans current is at least as important as creating the initial_______ ______.

A

Pre-incident plan

109
Q

Pre-incident plan drawing would be displayed on top with additional information available by accessing the narrative, via ______over a drawing element or by ______ _____for more text base or graphic information.

A

Hovering

Drilling down 

110
Q

Most architectural drawing programs are done in _____, allowing the user to eliminate unwanted, drawing information and add ______ with information important to the fire department.

A

Layers

111
Q

Formal pre-incident plans include both a narrative, and ______.

A

Drawings

112
Q

The IC needs some narrative information, such as the address, occupants, emergency, contacts,_____ _______, and other general information

A

Telephone numbers

113
Q

The Maltese cross marking is based on NFPA ______, Fire code, _______ ______.

A

NFPA 1

Annex E

114
Q

When preparing a pre-incident plan, one of the most common errors is pre-assigning companies to respond to ______ _______.

A

Specific locations

115
Q

Any building that poses an unusually high risk to firefighters or occupants, must be included in the ______ process.

A

Preplanning

116
Q

_______is the primary life safety tactic and an operational priority?

A

Extinguishment

117
Q

The fire’s ______ determines the method and direction of attack

A

Location

118
Q

Vent openings generally increase the available ______ and often result in a rapid increase in fire intensity in size.

A

Oxygen

119
Q

Most older buildings will have heavier, more _____ ______construction.

A

Fire resistive

NFPA Structural Firefighting Strategy And Tactics (10 decks)

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