Chapter 9 - Crude oil and fuels

Question 1

Alkanes

Answer 1

Saturated hydrocarbons (methane,ethane,propane,butane,pentane). CnH2n+2

Question 2

Fractional distillation

Answer 2

Crude oil is vaporised and fed into fractioning column, hot at bottom. The vapours move up the column getting cooler as they go, hydrocarbons condense to liquids when reaching their boiling point. Outlets to collect the fractions. Hydrocarbons with smaller molecules have lower boiling points. Fractions with low boiling ranges have low viscosity and are flammable. Burn clean flames, produce little smoke (good fuels)

Question 3

Incomplete combustion

Answer 3

Carbon monoxide, colourless and odourless (not enough oxygen is present)

Question 4

Biofuels

Answer 4

Less harmful to plants and animals
Less particulates emitted when burnt
Carbon neutral
But
Price of food rises
Large areas of land used to grow biofuels instead of food
Destroying habitats to clear space for biofuel crops

Question 5

Fermentation

Answer 5

Glucose broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide using a yeast catalyst.

Question 6

Hydrogen

Answer 6

Only produces water when reacting with oxygen, viable fuel for future ➡️ but very explosive

Question 7

Hydrocarbons

Answer 7

Most of the compounds in crude oil