Chapter 7 - Metals

Question 1

OIL RIG

Answer 1

Oxidation is loss of electrons, Reduction is gain of electrons.

Question 2

Ores

Answer 2

Need to be concentrated before the metal is extracted and purified. (In rocks)

Question 3

Metals less reactive than carbon

Answer 3

Can be extracted from their oxides by heating with carbon. Reduction reaction takes place as carbon remove the oxygen from the oxide to produce the metal.

Question 4

Smelting

Answer 4

Copper is extracted from copper rich ores by being heated strongly in a furnace.
Cathode = Cu2+ + 2e- ➡️ Cu
Anode = Cu ➡️ Cu2+ + 2e-
Lots of heating and electricity, expensive.

Question 5

Phytomining

Answer 5

Use plants to absorb copper compounds from the ground, plants are burned and produce ash from which copper is extracted.

Question 6

Bioleaching

Answer 6

Uses bacteria to produce solutions containing copper compounds.

Question 7

Recycling aluminium

Answer 7

Saves 95% energy

Question 8

Recycling metals

Answer 8

Conserves the limited supply of metal ores and prevent further pollution

Question 9

Metallic bonding

Answer 9

Lattice of positively charged ions in regular layers with free outer shell electrons. Strong electrostatic attraction between negatively charged electrons and positively charge ions.

Question 10

Alloys

Answer 10

Mix of metals, different sized atoms disrupt layers so they cannot easily slide over each other, very strong. Shiny as light reflects off moving sea of electrons. Sonorous (Ringing sound)

Question 11

Shape memory alloys

Answer 11

Turn to original shape when heated, used in braces.

Question 12

The reactivity series

Answer 12

Potassium - pot
Sodium - stinks
Lithium - like
Calcium - calfreezys 
Magnesium - massive
Aluminium - arse 
Zinc - zebra
Iron - in 
Tin - the
Lead - linen
Copper - cupboard
Silver - sitting
Gold - gracefully