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Biology 20 > Chapter 9: Breathing/Respiration Part I > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Breathing/Respiration Part I Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cellar Respiration?

A

Production of ATP in cells

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2
Q

What is Internal Respiration? 3 Marks

A
  1. Exchange of O2 and CO2
  2. Occur in Body
  3. Blood and Tissue cell and fluids
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3
Q

What is External Respiration? 3 Marks

A
  1. Exchange of O2 and CO2
  2. Occurs in lungs
  3. Air and blood
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4
Q

What is the % of N, CO2 and O in the External Environment? 3 Marks

A

78.02% N, Nitrogen
21% O, Oxygen
0.3% CO2, Carbon Dioxide

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5
Q

List the Air Pathway. 9 Marks

A
  1. Nostril
  2. Nasal Cavity
  3. Pharynx
  4. Epiglottis
  5. Glottis
  6. Larynx
  7. Trachea
  8. Bronchus
  9. Branching
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6
Q

Why is the Left lung smaller than the right lung?

A

To make room for the heart

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7
Q

Define Breathing

A

The movement of air between the external environment and body

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8
Q

Define Respiration

A

Supply of oxygen to cells of the body

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9
Q

What is a chemical reaction that cells obtain energy?

A

Oxidation

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10
Q

Organic compounds are broken down by ________.

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

Nasal cavity is lined with _________.

A

Cilia

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12
Q

Your nostril is a ____________ to the __________. 2 Marks.

A
  • passage

- nasal cavity

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the pharynx?

A

Holds two branches for air to go

Trachea and Esophagus

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14
Q

What two parts have cilia? 2 Marks

A
  1. Nasal Cavity

2. Trachea

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15
Q

What is cilia and what is the purpose of it? 5 Marks.

A
  1. Cilia is hair
  2. Moistures the air
  3. Filters the air
  4. Cleans the smell of the air
  5. Warms the air (Temperature)
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16
Q

What is the Larynx and where is it located? 2 Marks.

A
  1. Voice Box

2. Upper end of trachea

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17
Q

What makes the Larynx? 2 Marks.

A
  1. Two elastic ligaments’

2. Thick circular cartilage called the epiglottis

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18
Q

What part splits the tube to get air into the lungs?

A

Bronchus

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19
Q

What are lungs called?

A

Bronchi

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20
Q

Muscles in bronchioles can _____________ in surface diameter.

A

Decrease

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21
Q

Closing in bronchioles ______________ the surface diameter.

A

Increase

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22
Q

Air moves into little sacs called ________.

A

Alveoli

23
Q

In alveolis the gases are diffused between air and blood according to _________ ___________.

A

Concentration gradients.

24
Q

What surrounds the alveoli’s?

A

Capillaries

25
Q

Alveoli are composed of a single layer of ______.

A

cells

26
Q

Oxygen moves from ________ to __________. 2 Marks.

A

alveoli to capillaries

27
Q

What are the working units of the lungs?

A

Alveoli’s

28
Q

Once air get into the bronchial “tree” then it goes into ______ then _________. 2 Marks.

A

Capillary network

Allveollus

29
Q

List the seven steps to inspiration chest muscles. 7 Marks

A
  1. Muscle (rib) contracts
  2. Rib cage moves out
  3. Plural membrane stretches (sticky)
  4. Alveoli stretch
  5. Alveoli volume increase
  6. Alveoli pressure decreases
  7. Air pushed in
30
Q

List the seven steps to inspiration diaphragm muscles. 7 Marks

A
  1. Diaphragm contracts
  2. Diaphragm down and flat
  3. Plural membrane stretches (sticky)
  4. Alveoli stretch
  5. Alveoli volume increase
  6. Alveoli pressure decreases
  7. Air pushed in
31
Q

List the seven steps to expiration chest muscles. 7 Marks.

A
  1. Muscle (rib) relax
  2. Rib cage moves down and in
  3. Plural membrane relax
  4. Alveoli relax/recoil
  5. Alveoli volume decreases
  6. Alveoli pressure increases
  7. Air pushed out
32
Q

List the seven steps to expiration diaphragm. 7 Marks.

A
  1. Diaphragm relax
  2. Diaphragm up
  3. Plural membrane relax
  4. Alveoli relax/recoil
  5. Alveoli volume decreases
  6. Alveoli pressure increases
  7. Air pushed out
33
Q

Lung values vary with a persons ______ and ________. 2 Marks.

A

age and height

34
Q

What is the formula for VC?

A

VC = IRC + ERV + TV

35
Q

What is the difference between IR and IC or EC and ERV?

A

The capacity’s include TV.

36
Q

T or F: Reserves are bigger than Capacities

A

False

37
Q

What is IR? 2 Marks.

A
  • Inspiratory Reserve

- The amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhale

38
Q

What is VC? 2 Marks.

A
  • Vital Capacity

- Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a full inhale

39
Q

What is RV? 2 Marks.

A
  • Residual volume

- amount of air left in the lungs after a max exhale

40
Q

What is ERV? 2 Marks.

A
  • Expiratory Reserve Volume

- The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal inhale

41
Q

What is TV? 2 Marks.

A
  • Tidal Volume

- The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal breath

42
Q

What is TLC? 2 Marks.

A
  • Total Lung Capacity

- Amount of air in the lungs after a max inhale or all the air the lungs can hold

43
Q

What muscle(s) are used in TV?

A

Diaphragm (contracts or relax)

44
Q

What muscle(s) are used in ER?

A

Internal Rib Muscles

45
Q

What muscle(s) are used in IR?

A

External Rib Muscles

46
Q

What muscle(s) are used in VC? 2 Marks.

A

Diaphragm and internal/external rib muscles

47
Q

What muscle(s) are used in RV?

A

No Muscles

48
Q

What muscle(s) are used in TLC?

A

Limited

49
Q

What are the two primary O2 sensors? 2 Marks.

A
  • Carotid body

- Aorta

50
Q

What are two points to the O2 sensors?
Think: O2 and CO2
2 Marks

A
  • Low O2 turns on

- High CO2 can damage the sensors

51
Q

What does the Rhythmicity centre do?

A

Controls what you breathe out is what you breathe in

52
Q

What is the Medulla?

A

pH sensor

53
Q

CO2 _____________ pH in the blood.

A

Lowers

Biology 20 (6 decks)

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