Chapter 9: Breathing/Respiration Part I Flashcards
What is Cellar Respiration?
Production of ATP in cells
What is Internal Respiration? 3 Marks
- Exchange of O2 and CO2
- Occur in Body
- Blood and Tissue cell and fluids
What is External Respiration? 3 Marks
- Exchange of O2 and CO2
- Occurs in lungs
- Air and blood
What is the % of N, CO2 and O in the External Environment? 3 Marks
78.02% N, Nitrogen
21% O, Oxygen
0.3% CO2, Carbon Dioxide
List the Air Pathway. 9 Marks
- Nostril
- Nasal Cavity
- Pharynx
- Epiglottis
- Glottis
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Branching
Why is the Left lung smaller than the right lung?
To make room for the heart
Define Breathing
The movement of air between the external environment and body
Define Respiration
Supply of oxygen to cells of the body
What is a chemical reaction that cells obtain energy?
Oxidation
Organic compounds are broken down by ________.
Oxygen
Nasal cavity is lined with _________.
Cilia
Your nostril is a ____________ to the __________. 2 Marks.
- passage
- nasal cavity
What is the purpose of the pharynx?
Holds two branches for air to go
Trachea and Esophagus
What two parts have cilia? 2 Marks
- Nasal Cavity
2. Trachea
What is cilia and what is the purpose of it? 5 Marks.
- Cilia is hair
- Moistures the air
- Filters the air
- Cleans the smell of the air
- Warms the air (Temperature)
What is the Larynx and where is it located? 2 Marks.
- Voice Box
2. Upper end of trachea
What makes the Larynx? 2 Marks.
- Two elastic ligaments’
2. Thick circular cartilage called the epiglottis
What part splits the tube to get air into the lungs?
Bronchus
What are lungs called?
Bronchi
Muscles in bronchioles can _____________ in surface diameter.
Decrease
Closing in bronchioles ______________ the surface diameter.
Increase
Air moves into little sacs called ________.
Alveoli
In alveolis the gases are diffused between air and blood according to _________ ___________.
Concentration gradients.
What surrounds the alveoli’s?
Capillaries
Alveoli are composed of a single layer of ______.
cells
Oxygen moves from ________ to __________. 2 Marks.
alveoli to capillaries
What are the working units of the lungs?
Alveoli’s
Once air get into the bronchial “tree” then it goes into ______ then _________. 2 Marks.
Capillary network
Allveollus
List the seven steps to inspiration chest muscles. 7 Marks
- Muscle (rib) contracts
- Rib cage moves out
- Plural membrane stretches (sticky)
- Alveoli stretch
- Alveoli volume increase
- Alveoli pressure decreases
- Air pushed in
List the seven steps to inspiration diaphragm muscles. 7 Marks
- Diaphragm contracts
- Diaphragm down and flat
- Plural membrane stretches (sticky)
- Alveoli stretch
- Alveoli volume increase
- Alveoli pressure decreases
- Air pushed in
List the seven steps to expiration chest muscles. 7 Marks.
- Muscle (rib) relax
- Rib cage moves down and in
- Plural membrane relax
- Alveoli relax/recoil
- Alveoli volume decreases
- Alveoli pressure increases
- Air pushed out
List the seven steps to expiration diaphragm. 7 Marks.
- Diaphragm relax
- Diaphragm up
- Plural membrane relax
- Alveoli relax/recoil
- Alveoli volume decreases
- Alveoli pressure increases
- Air pushed out
Lung values vary with a persons ______ and ________. 2 Marks.
age and height
What is the formula for VC?
VC = IRC + ERV + TV
What is the difference between IR and IC or EC and ERV?
The capacity’s include TV.
T or F: Reserves are bigger than Capacities
False
What is IR? 2 Marks.
- Inspiratory Reserve
- The amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhale
What is VC? 2 Marks.
- Vital Capacity
- Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a full inhale
What is RV? 2 Marks.
- Residual volume
- amount of air left in the lungs after a max exhale
What is ERV? 2 Marks.
- Expiratory Reserve Volume
- The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal inhale
What is TV? 2 Marks.
- Tidal Volume
- The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal breath
What is TLC? 2 Marks.
- Total Lung Capacity
- Amount of air in the lungs after a max inhale or all the air the lungs can hold
What muscle(s) are used in TV?
Diaphragm (contracts or relax)
What muscle(s) are used in ER?
Internal Rib Muscles
What muscle(s) are used in IR?
External Rib Muscles
What muscle(s) are used in VC? 2 Marks.
Diaphragm and internal/external rib muscles
What muscle(s) are used in RV?
No Muscles
What muscle(s) are used in TLC?
Limited
What are the two primary O2 sensors? 2 Marks.
- Carotid body
- Aorta
What are two points to the O2 sensors?
Think: O2 and CO2
2 Marks
- Low O2 turns on
- High CO2 can damage the sensors
What does the Rhythmicity centre do?
Controls what you breathe out is what you breathe in
What is the Medulla?
pH sensor
CO2 _____________ pH in the blood.
Lowers
