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Biology 20 > Chapter 11: Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

List the cellular parts of the Red Blood Cells?

4 Marks

A
  • Red blood Cells
  • White Blood Cells
  • Platelet
  • Plasma
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2
Q

Blood is a __________.

A

Mixture

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3
Q

4-5 billion blood cells are made every hour in the _______ ______________.

A

Bone Marrow

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4
Q 
Plasma is composed of 
-
-
-
-
A
  • Mostly Water
  • Proteins
  • Sugars (glucose)
  • Salt
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5
Q

The Red blood cells is about ____ micrometers and it’s shape is….
2 Marks

A
  • 8 Micrometers

- It’s shape allows it to fit anywhere

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6
Q

Which cell in a drop of blood contains a nucleus and which one doesn’t?

A
  • White blood cells contain a nucleus

- Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus

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7
Q

A red blood cells lives up to ___ months.

A

4

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8
Q

The purpose of the red blood cell?

A

Transfer O2 and CO2

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9
Q

What part of the blood is the main part of your immune system?

A

White Blood Cells

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10
Q

What is Leukocytes?

A

White Blood Cells

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11
Q

What is Erythrocytes?

A

Red Blood Cells

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12
Q

What is Thrombocytes?

A

Platelet

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13
Q

Plasma, the liquid portion of blood, contains dissolved _______, __________, _______, and _________.
4 Marks

A

gases
nutrients
proteins
waste

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14
Q

Formed Elements are the ….

A

Red blood cells

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15
Q

How many liters does an adult circulating system have?

A

4-6

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16
Q

The red blood cells contain ___________ that binds to oxygen.

A

Hemoglobin

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17
Q

Red blood cells contains _________ for blood typing.

A

Antigens

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18
Q

The plasma contains ____________ for blood typing.

A

Antibodies

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19
Q

The _________ help the blood to clot.

A

Platelets

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20
Q

55% of the blood mixture is _________.

A

Plasma

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21
Q

45% of the blood mixture is __________.

A

Formed Elements

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22
Q

Less than 1% of the blood mixture is a _______ ________.

A

White Blood Cells

Buffy Coat

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23
Q

Albumin is a blood protein used for…

A

Osmic pressure, buffering

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24
Q

Globulin is a blood protein used for…

A

Antibodies

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25
Q 
2% of the blood is made of...
Say the word that sums up the line
I. Amino Acids, Sugars, Lipids
II. Erythropoietin, Insulin, etc...
III. Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, etc...
3 Marks
A

I. Nutrients
II. Hormones
III. Electrolytes

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26
Q

91% of the plasma is _________.

A

Water

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27
Q

7% of the plasma is _______ ________.

A

Blood Protein

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28
Q

If you are dehydrated, your blood mixture would contain more ____________ and less _____________.
2 Marks

A

Less Plasma

More White Blood Cells

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29
Q

If someone is experiencing an infection than the _______________ becomes bigger in the place of ___________.
2 Marks.

A

White Blood Cells, Buffy Coat

Plasma

30
Q

If someone has Anemia, it means they have less ________________________ and more _____________.
2 Marks.

A

less Red blood Cells

More Plasma

31
Q

Molecules essential to maintaining a body function are dissolved in…

A

Water of the Plasma

32
Q

All of the types of blood cells are derived from ______ ______ in the bone marrow.

A

Stem Cells

33
Q

In the bone marrow, the stem cell becomes the Megakaryocyte cell to _________ in the circulatory system.

34
Q

In the bone marrow, the stem cell becomes________ that is in the circulatory system and becomes Neutrophil and Eosinophil activated in tissues (some of them)

35
Q

In the bone marrow, the stem cell becomes________ that is in the circulatory system and becomes macrophage activated in tissues (some of them)

36
Q

In the bone marrow, the stem cell becomes________ that is in the circulatory system and becomes Plasma Cell activated in tissues (some of them)

A

B lymphocyte

37
Q

Each Hemoglobin molecule consists of ____ __________ chains and can bind to ___ molecules of _________.

A

4 Polypeptides

4 molecules of Oxygen

38
Q

95% of formed elements become…

A

Red Blood Cells

39
Q

Where are leukocytes located?

A

Everywhere

- They can move out of the bloodstream to the site of the infection

40
Q

Which White blood cell

  • Attacks organisms resistant to neutrophils by engulfing
  • 6% of White Blood Cells
  • 25 Micrometers (Biggest Cell)
  • One leukocyte
41
Q

Which White Blood Cell

  • Attacks Parasites
  • 3% of White Blood Cells
  • 10-15 Micrometers
A

Eosinophil

42
Q

Which White Blood Cell

  • Composed of a thin premier of cytoplasm
  • 10 Micrometers (smallest cell)
  • Mostly a nucleus
  • Involved in a specific immunity by antibodies
A

Lymphocyte

43
Q

Which Blood Cell

  • Multiple Leukocytes
  • 15-20 Micrometers medium size
  • Destroys infections microorganisms by engulfing
A

Neutrophil

44
Q 
If you had a pervious infection, the sequence of body's immunity is
A.
B.
C. 
D. 
E.
5 Marks.
A

A. Bacteria enters through a puncture in the skin
B. Lymphocyte memory B cells identify the antigen protein
C. Lymphocyte memory B cells produce antibodies proteins
D. Antibodies proteins attach to and inactive bacteria
E. Neutrophils Engulf the inactive bacteria by phagocytosis

45
Q

These illness leads to what in the White Blood Cells population?
Tuberculosis and Whooping cough

A

Elevated Lymphocytes

46
Q

These illness leads to what in the White Blood Cells population?
Tapeworm Infection and Hookworm infection

A

Elevated Eosinophils

47
Q

These illness leads to what in the White Blood Cells population?
Typhoid Fever, Malaria, Mononucleosis

A

Elevated Monocytes

48
Q

These illness leads to what in the White Blood Cells population?
AIDS

A

Too few helper T cells

49
Q

List the 5 steps of Thrombocytes and Blood Clotting

5 Marks.

A
  1. Platelets move to the sites of the injury and stick to the smooth lining of vessels
  2. Thromboplastin is released by platelets and damaged cells
  3. Prothrombin is converted to thrombin in a series of reaction initiated by thromboplastin
  4. Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin in the presence of thrombin
  5. Fibrin is a threadlike molecule that traps blood cells to form a clot.
50
Q

List the 8 types of blood

A 
A positive
A negative
B positive
B negative
AB positive
AB negative
O positive
O negative
51
Q

A has _________ present in the plasma and _________ present in the red blood cells.

A
  • Antibodies B

- A Antigen

52
Q

B has _________ present in the plasma and _______________ present in the red blood cells.

A
  • Antibodies A

- B Antigen

53
Q

AB has _________ present in the plasma and _______________ present in the red blood cells.

A
  • No Antibodies

- A and B Antigens

54
Q

O has _________ present in the plasma and _______________ present in the red blood cells.

A
  • A and B Antibodies

- No Antigens

55
Q

Antigens + Antibodies = ?????

Same letter

A

Agglutination

- Clumping of particles and makes blood a solid. THIS IS BAD!!!!

56
Q

A can give to __________ and receive from _______.

A

Give to A, AB

Receive from O, A

57
Q

B can give to __________ and receive from _______.

A

Give to B, AB

Receive from O, B

58
Q

AB can give to __________ and receive from _______.

A

Give to AB ONLY

Receive from A, B, O, AB (Universal Recipient)

59
Q

O can give to __________ and receive from _______.

A

Give to AB, A, B (Universal Donor)

Receive from O ONLY

60
Q

Which AB is the most universal recipient?

A

AB positive

61
Q

Which O is the universal donor?

A

O negative

62
Q

You can donate Rh ______ to Rh ________ but you cannot donate Rh ________ to Rh _______.

A

Rh negative to Rh positive

NOTTTTTTT Rh positive to Rh negative

63
Q

If a mom that is Rh negative has a baby that is Rh positive, during pregnancy…

A

The B leukocytes cells produces anti-Rh that enter the fetal Rh positive circulation. The anti-Rh destroys fetal RBC.

64
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Tissue fluid and protein collecting system.

65
Q

The tissue fluid and proteins return to the blood in the __________________________ and the _____________________.

A

Right lymphatic duct

Thoracic Duct

66
Q

The two ducts…

A

Return the lymph fluid to the veins in the neck

67
Q

Returning fluid to the bloodstream is the…

A

subclavian viens

68
Q

The lymph nodes are…

A

Filled with immune system cells

69
Q

The thymus is…

A

The site of maturation of T lymphocytes

70
Q

The spleen is..

A

What serves as a blood reservoir and contains many lymphocytes

71
Q

List the three lymph capillaries steps to excuses tissue fluid and proteins
3 Marks

A
  1. Intestinal fluid is excuses tissue fluid and protein
  2. Lymph capillaries absorb extra tissue fluid and proteins
  3. Lymph vessels transport the lymph (liquid)

Biology 20 (6 decks)

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