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Biology 20 > Chapter 12: Excretory > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Excretory Flashcards

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1
Q

The kidneys maintain _____________ of the blood.

A

Homoestasis

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2
Q

The two major functions of the kidneys are…

2 Marks

A
  • Remove nitrogenous waste

- Maintain water balance (meaning flow pressure and blood osmotic pressure

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3
Q

List the Urea Pathway

11 Marks

A
  1. Renal artery and Renal Branching
  2. Afferent Arteriole
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Bowman’s Capsule
  5. Proximal Tube
  6. Loop of Henle
  7. Distal Tube
  8. Collecting duct
  9. Renal Pelvis
  10. Bladder
  11. Urethra
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4
Q

List the Glucose Pathway

7 Marks

A
  1. Renal artery and Renal Branching
  2. Afferent Arteriole
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Bowman’s Capsule
  5. Proximal Tube
  6. Capillary Net
  7. Venule
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5
Q

In the Glucose Pathway, Which part does the Glucose get taken away?
Where does it come back?
2 Marks

A
  • Taken away in the Bowman’s Capsule

- Back in the Venal

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6
Q

List the H+ Pathway

12 Marks

A
  1. Renal Artery and branching
  2. Afferent arteriole
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Efferent Arteriole
  5. Capillary net
  6. Distal capillary net
  7. Distal tube
  8. Collecting Duct
  9. Pelvis
  10. Ureter
  11. Bladder
  12. Urethra
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7
Q

List the RBC or large protein pathway

9 Marks

A
  1. Renal Artery and Branching
  2. Afferent Arteriole
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Efferent Arteriole
  5. Capillary Net
  6. Venule
  7. Renal Vien
  8. Renal vein branching
  9. Inferior Vena Cava
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8
Q

List the Water you don’t want to lose pathway

12 Marks

A
  1. Renal Artery and Branching
  2. Afferent Arteriole
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Bowman’s’ Capsule
  5. Proximal Convoluted tubule
  6. Loop of Henle
  7. Distal Tube
  8. Collecting Duct
  9. Collecting Duct Capillary net
  10. Venules
  11. Renal Vien/Branching
  12. Inferior Vena Cava
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9
Q

The kidneys are composed of…

A

Millions of Nephrons

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10
Q

List the blood pathway

5 Marks

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Renal Artery
  3. Kidneys
  4. Renal Vien
  5. Inferior Vena Cava
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11
Q

List the urine pathway starting with the kidneys

4 Marks

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Urinary Bladder
  4. Urethra
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12
Q

What parts of the urine system is in the medulla

2 Marks

A
  • Loop of Henle

- Collecting Duct

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13
Q

What parts of the urine system is in the cortex

4 Marks

A
  • Glomerulus
  • Proximal Tubule
  • Distal Tubule
  • Bowman’s Capsule
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14
Q

The centre of the kidneys is the…

A

Renal Pelvis

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15
Q

The outer portion of the Kidneys is the….

A

Renal Cortex

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16
Q

What is a functional unit of the Kidneys?

A

Nephron

17
Q

The regions of nephrons from the site first receives filtered fluid from the blood are…
4 Marks

A

Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule

18
Q

Several nephrons empty into one…

A

Collecting Duct

19
Q

Cells of the nephron walls process the ________________ from the blood

A

Material filtered

20
Q

After processing filtered material the valuable substances….

A

Return back to the bloodstream and collect additional wastes for excretion

21
Q

What receptor detects Blood flow pressure

A

Juxtaglomerular

JGA

22
Q

The renal artery branches until….

A

Each nephron has an afferent arteriole

23
Q

The convoluted capillary bed is called the

A

Glomerulus

24
Q

What leads from the glomerulus to a second capillary bed

A

Efferent Arteriole

25
Q

What is the second capillary bed called

A

Peritubular Capillaries

26
Q

What is Venous Circulation?

A

Leads away from the nephron

27
Q

List the 4 things happening in the nephron circulation IN ORDER
4 Marks

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
  4. Water Reabsorption
28
Q

What is Filtration?

A

Moves the Plasma from the Glomerulus to the Bowman’s’ Capsule

29
Q

What is Reabsorption?

A

Moves filtrate fluid from the proximal tubule to the capillaries

30
Q

What is Secretion?

A

Moves Plasma solutes from the capillaries to the distal tubule

31
Q

What is Water Reabsorption?

A

Moves water from the collecting duct to capillaries

32
Q

When blood pressure is high what happens to the afferent arteriole?
Low blood pressure?

A
  • When it’s high, it is bigger/relax

- When it’s low, it is small

33
Q

When blood pressure is high what happens to the efferent arteriole?
Low blood pressure?

A
  • When it is low it is small

- When it’s high it’s bigger

34
Q

The walls of the glomerular capillaries have…

A

Large pores

35
Q

What is the purpose of the large pores on the walls of the glomerular capillaries?

A

To make them highly permeable

36
Q

What covers the capillaries of the glomerular?

A

Specialized cells called PODOCYTES

37
Q

The podocytes are a…

A

SPECIAL ADAPTION

Biology 20 (6 decks)

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