Chapter 5: Taxonomy/Natural Selection Flashcards
Who is the most influential contributor to our current ideas of evolution?
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
The Origin of Species is…
A book Charles Darwin made describing evidence for changes in species over time and presented a mechanism, natural selection, for these changes occurred.
Define Evolution
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of earth.
What is natural selection?
The result of differential reproductive success of individuals caused by variations in their inherited characterises
Who made the first theory with mechanism?
Lamark
What was Lamark theory about?
Spontaneous generation
- The belief that living things arose from non-living matter
- A “force” or “desire” led them to change for the better
What is the term “Lamarckism” means
The false concept of inheritance of features acquired during the life an individua;
What part of Lamark theory was true with current day theory?
Environment played a role in driving evolutionary
Divergent Evolution of Darwin's Finches with birds, he found multiple different types of beaks on birds. What was the purpose of a 1. Long thin Pointy beak 2. Long wide beak 3. Big short beak 3 Marks
- Grasping, probing beak eats insects
- Long pointed beak chisels through tree bark to find insects. A tool
- Parrot like beak eats fruit
The evolutionary modifications of organisms that are the result of natural selection are called…
Adaption
What does adaption do?
Gives an organism a better chance of survival
The beaks of Darwin’s Finches are adaptations….
For feeding on different food items
What is a Homologous Feature?
Feature with the similar structures but different functions
What is a Analogous Feature?
Feature that are similar in appearance and function but don’t seem to have the same evolutionary orgin
The process of SPECIATION by natural selection requires 4 thing…
4 Marks
- Isolation
- Variation
- A struggle for Survival
- Survival of the fittest
What is isolation?
Barriers that lead to speciation can be geographical or biological
What is geographic/habitat Allopatric isolation?
When two populations of the same species live in entirely different habits
What is Behavioral isolation?
Each species may use different singles to attract a mate
What is Temporal isolation?
Two similar population mate at different times of the year
What is variation?
Variation of individuals in a population
What is the struggle of survival?
population interacting with the natural selection factors
What is the SURIVAL OF THE FITTEST?
The adaptions that individuals possess influence their probility of survival.
In the late 1800’s, Moths encountered a change in species by truing a different colour. This is an example of…
Industrial Melanism
Why were moths truing a different color?
Pollution
What are the purpose of fossils for evolution?
They are evidence of evolutionary changes
What is artificial selection?
The process of humans selection and breeding individuals with the desire traits or simply breeding the best offspring to breed
Sea cabbage is a common ancestry of Broccoli, Kohlrabi, Ornamental Cabbage, Kale, Cauliflower, Cabbage, and Brussel Sprouts but humans only pick a specific one of the sea cabbage to breed. This is an example of…
Artificial selection
Evidence of specific changes that make species come from a common ancestry are provided by…
2 Marks
- Homologous Features
- Vestigial Features
Define Taxonomy
A classification of organisms into groups based on similar structure , the relationship between them or origin etc…
What are the Six Kingdom of Classification
Amimia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
Define Biogeography
The study of past and present distribution of organisms; comparisons provide evidence of change
During the continental separation between Africa and Austria, some mammals got stuck in Austria and some got stuck on Africa. When the continental separation happened they were force to a specific country. Over time they evolved over time to adjust to their environment. This is…
Biogeography
Comparative anatomy is seen through…
2 Marks
- Homologous Structures
- Analogous Structures
Homologous structures support…
Divergent Evolution
Define Embryology
The study of early stages of development
The common ancestry among a group of organisms can be seen by examining their early…
embryological stages
What is a Vestigial Organ
Rudimentary structures with no useful functions
The human appendix is an example of a
Vestigial organ
Biochemistry is…
Genetics and Molecular Evidence
DNA and amino acids are evidence for…
Biochemistry
What are the 4 nucleotide bases that make DNA
4 Marks
A: Adenine
T: Thymine
C: Cytosine
G: Guanine
The structure of amino acids is _____________ in red blood cells.
Hemoglobin
The more closer a amino acid structure is closely related, the _______ the species are related.
Closer
The less closer a amino acid structure is closely related, the _______ the species are related.
Less
What is the rapid pace of evolution called?
Punctuated Equilibrium
What is the slow pace of evolution called?
Phyletic Gradualism
