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Biology 20 > Chapter 5: Taxonomy/Natural Selection > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Taxonomy/Natural Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is the most influential contributor to our current ideas of evolution?

A

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

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2
Q

The Origin of Species is…

A

A book Charles Darwin made describing evidence for changes in species over time and presented a mechanism, natural selection, for these changes occurred.

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3
Q

Define Evolution

A

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of earth.

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4
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The result of differential reproductive success of individuals caused by variations in their inherited characterises

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5
Q

Who made the first theory with mechanism?

A

Lamark

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6
Q

What was Lamark theory about?

A

Spontaneous generation

  • The belief that living things arose from non-living matter
  • A “force” or “desire” led them to change for the better
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7
Q

What is the term “Lamarckism” means

A

The false concept of inheritance of features acquired during the life an individua;

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8
Q

What part of Lamark theory was true with current day theory?

A

Environment played a role in driving evolutionary

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9
Q 
Divergent Evolution of Darwin's Finches with birds, he found multiple different types of beaks on birds. What was the purpose of a 
1. Long thin Pointy beak
2. Long wide beak
3. Big short beak
3 Marks
A
  1. Grasping, probing beak eats insects
  2. Long pointed beak chisels through tree bark to find insects. A tool
  3. Parrot like beak eats fruit
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10
Q

The evolutionary modifications of organisms that are the result of natural selection are called…

A

Adaption

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11
Q

What does adaption do?

A

Gives an organism a better chance of survival

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12
Q

The beaks of Darwin’s Finches are adaptations….

A

For feeding on different food items

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13
Q

What is a Homologous Feature?

A

Feature with the similar structures but different functions

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14
Q

What is a Analogous Feature?

A

Feature that are similar in appearance and function but don’t seem to have the same evolutionary orgin

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15
Q

The process of SPECIATION by natural selection requires 4 thing…
4 Marks

A
  1. Isolation
  2. Variation
  3. A struggle for Survival
  4. Survival of the fittest
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16
Q

What is isolation?

A

Barriers that lead to speciation can be geographical or biological

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17
Q

What is geographic/habitat Allopatric isolation?

A

When two populations of the same species live in entirely different habits

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18
Q

What is Behavioral isolation?

A

Each species may use different singles to attract a mate

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19
Q

What is Temporal isolation?

A

Two similar population mate at different times of the year

20
Q

What is variation?

A

Variation of individuals in a population

21
Q

What is the struggle of survival?

A

population interacting with the natural selection factors

22
Q

What is the SURIVAL OF THE FITTEST?

A

The adaptions that individuals possess influence their probility of survival.

23
Q

In the late 1800’s, Moths encountered a change in species by truing a different colour. This is an example of…

A

Industrial Melanism

24
Q

Why were moths truing a different color?

A

Pollution

25
Q

What are the purpose of fossils for evolution?

A

They are evidence of evolutionary changes

26
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

The process of humans selection and breeding individuals with the desire traits or simply breeding the best offspring to breed

27
Q

Sea cabbage is a common ancestry of Broccoli, Kohlrabi, Ornamental Cabbage, Kale, Cauliflower, Cabbage, and Brussel Sprouts but humans only pick a specific one of the sea cabbage to breed. This is an example of…

A

Artificial selection

28
Q

Evidence of specific changes that make species come from a common ancestry are provided by…
2 Marks

A
  • Homologous Features

- Vestigial Features

29
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

A classification of organisms into groups based on similar structure , the relationship between them or origin etc…

30
Q

What are the Six Kingdom of Classification

A

Amimia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

31
Q

Define Biogeography

A

The study of past and present distribution of organisms; comparisons provide evidence of change

32
Q

During the continental separation between Africa and Austria, some mammals got stuck in Austria and some got stuck on Africa. When the continental separation happened they were force to a specific country. Over time they evolved over time to adjust to their environment. This is…

A

Biogeography

33
Q

Comparative anatomy is seen through…

2 Marks

A
  • Homologous Structures

- Analogous Structures

34
Q

Homologous structures support…

A

Divergent Evolution

35
Q

Define Embryology

A

The study of early stages of development

36
Q

The common ancestry among a group of organisms can be seen by examining their early…

A

embryological stages

37
Q

What is a Vestigial Organ

A

Rudimentary structures with no useful functions

38
Q

The human appendix is an example of a

A

Vestigial organ

39
Q

Biochemistry is…

A

Genetics and Molecular Evidence

40
Q

DNA and amino acids are evidence for…

A

Biochemistry

41
Q

What are the 4 nucleotide bases that make DNA

4 Marks

A

A: Adenine
T: Thymine
C: Cytosine
G: Guanine

42
Q

The structure of amino acids is _____________ in red blood cells.

A

Hemoglobin

43
Q

The more closer a amino acid structure is closely related, the _______ the species are related.

A

Closer

44
Q

The less closer a amino acid structure is closely related, the _______ the species are related.

A

Less

45
Q

What is the rapid pace of evolution called?

A

Punctuated Equilibrium

46
Q

What is the slow pace of evolution called?

A

Phyletic Gradualism

Biology 20 (6 decks)

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