Chapter 9: Book Terms

Question 1

autonomous region

Answer 1

provinces that have been granted a certain degree of political and cultural autonomy or freedom from central authority

Question 2

Bolshevik

Answer 2

a member of the Russian communist movement led by Lenin that successfully took control of the country in 1917

Question 3

centralized economic planning

Answer 3

an economic system in which the state sets production targets and controls the means of production

Question 4

cherzonem soil

Answer 4

dark fertile soil

Question 5

Cold War

Answer 5

an ideological struggle between the US and USSR that was conducted between 1946 and 1991

Question 6

Cossack

Answer 6

Highly mobile Slavic-speaking Christians of the southern Russian steppe who were pivotal in expanding Russian influence in 16th and 17th Century Siberia

Question 7

denuclearization

Answer 7

the process by where nuclear weapons are moved from an area and dismantled or taken elsewhere

Question 8

Eastern Orthodoxy Christianity

Answer 8

a loose confederation of self-governing churches in Eastern Europe and Russian that are historically linked to Byzantine traditions and to the primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople

Question 9

exclave

Answer 9

a portion of a country’s territory that lies outside its contiguous land area

Question 10

glasnost

Answer 10

a policy of greater political openness initiated during the 1980s by the Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 11

Iron Curtain

Answer 11

termed coined by Winston Churchill during the Cold War to define the western border of Soviet power in Europe…Berlin wall was the physical manifestation

Question 12

mikrorayan

Answer 12

a large state constructed urban housing project

Question 13

north sea route

Answer 13

an ice-free channel along Siberia’s northern coast that will grow in importance given sustained global warming

Question 14

perestroika

Answer 14

a program of partially implemented, planned economic reforms(or restructuring) undertaken during the Gorbachev years in the Soviet Union to make the Soviet economy more efficient and responsive to consumer needs

Question 15

permafrost

Answer 15

a cold climate condition in which the ground remains permanently frozen

Question 16

podzol soil

Answer 16

acidic soil of limited fertility, typically found in northern forest environments

Question 17

Russifiaction

Answer 17

policy of the Soviet Union designed to spread Russian settlers and influence to non-Russian areas of the country

Question 18

siloviki

Answer 18

members of the military and security forces in the Russian Domain

Question 19

socialist Realism

Answer 19

an artistic style that was associated with real depictions of workers in their patriotic struggle fighting capitalism

Question 20

taiga

Answer 20

the vast coniferous forest of Russia that stretches from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 21

Trans Siberian Railroad

Answer 21

a key southern Siberian railroad connection completed during the Russian Empire(1904) that links European Russia with Far East terminus of Vladivostok

Question 22

Tsar

Answer 22

Tsars were the authoritarian rulers of the Russian empire before its collapse in the 1917 revolution