Chapter 7:Book Terms

Question 1

Arab League

Answer 1

-a regional and economic organization focused on Arab unity and development

Question 2

Arab Spring

Answer 2

a series of public protests, strikes, and rebellions in the Arab countries, often facilitated by social media, that have called for government and economic reform

Question 3

brain drain

Answer 3

migration of the most educated from developing countries to developed countries where economic opportunities are greater

Question 4

choke point

Answer 4

strategic waterway where narrow waterways or other narrow passages are vulnerable to military blockade disruption

Question 5

cultural hearth

Answer 5

an area of historical cultural innovation

Question 6

domestication

Answer 6

the purposeful selection and breeding of wild plants and animals for cultural purposes

Question 7

exotic river

Answer 7

a river that issues from a humid area and flows into a dry area lacking streams

Question 8

Fertile Crescent

Answer 8

an ecologically diverse zone of lands in Southwest Asia that extends from Lebanon eastward to Iraq and that is often associated with early forms of agriculture

Question 9

fossil water

Answer 9

water supplies that were stored under ground during wetter climatic periods

Question 10

Hajj

Answer 10

An Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 11

hydro politics

Answer 11

the interplay of water resource issues and politics

Question 12

Islamic fundamentalism

Answer 12

a movement between both Shiite and Shia Muslims to return to a more conservative, religious-based society and state. Often associated with a rejection of Western culture and with a political aim to merge civic and religious authority

Question 13

Islamism

Answer 13

challenges the encroachment of global popular culture and blames colonial, imperial, and Western culture for many of the region’s problems

Question 14

Levant

Answer 14

the eastern Mediterranean region

Question 15

Maghreb

Answer 15

a region in northwestern Africa that includes portions of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia

Question 16

medina

Answer 16

the original urban core of an a traditional Islamic city

Question 17

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Answer 17

formed in 1960
an international organization of 12 oil producing countries that attempts to influence global oil prices and supplies of oil

Question 18

Ottoman Empire

Answer 18

A large Turkish based empire(named for founder Osman) that dominated large portions of Southeastern Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia between 16 and 19th centuries

Question 19

Palestinian Authority

Answer 19

-a quasi government body that represents Palestinian interests in the West Bank and Gaza

Question 20

pastoral nomadism

Answer 20

a traditional subsistence agricultural system in which practitioners depend on seasonal movements of livestock within marginal natural environments

Question 21

physiological density

Answer 21

a population statistic that relates the number of people in a country to the amount of arable land

Question 22

Quran

Answer 22

a book of divine revelations received by the prophet Muhammad that’s serves as a holy text in the religion of Islam

Question 23

Shiites

Answer 23

favored passing on power within Muhammad’s family

Question 24

Sunni

Answer 24

advocated passing down power to established clergy

Question 25

Suez Canal

Answer 25

-a pivotal waterway connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean opened by the French in1869

Question 26

transhumance

Answer 26

-animals taken to high altitude pastures during the summer and retuned to low pastures in the winter

Question 27

theocracy

Answer 27

-a state led by religious authorities