Chapter 12:Book Terms

Question 1

British East India Company

Answer 1

a private trade organization that acted as an arm of colonial Britain in ruling most of South Asia until 1857 when full governmental control was established

Question 2

bustees

Answer 2

settlements of temporary and often illegal housing in Indian cities

Question 3

caste system

Answer 3

the complex division of South Asian into different hierarchically ranked hereditary groups

-most explicit in Hindu society

Question 4

Dalit

Answer 4

the members of India’s most discriminated (lowest)n caste group

Question 5

Dravidian language

Answer 5

a strictly south Asian language that includes important languages such as Tamil and Telugu

Question 6

Green Revolution

Answer 6

highly productive agricultural techniques developed since the 1960s that entails the use of new hybrid plant varieties combined with large applications of chemical fertilizers pesticides

Question 7

Hindi

Answer 7

an Indo-European language with more than 480 million speakers

-predominantly spoken in northern India

Question 8

Hindu nationalism

Answer 8

a contemporary fundamental religious and political movement that promotes Hindu values as the essential and exclusive fabric of Indian society

-also less tolerant of Muslim majority

Question 9

Indian diaspora

Answer 9

-the historical and contemporary propensity to migrate to other countries in search of better opportunities

Question 10

Indian subcontinent

Answer 10

forms a distinct landmass separated from the rest of Eurasia by a series of sweeping mountain ranges including the Himalayas

Question 11

Jainism

Answer 11

south Asia religious group that emerged as a protest to Hinduism around 6th century BCE

known for ethical doctrine that forbids the killing of all living creatures

Question 12

linguistic nationalism

Answer 12

the promotion of one language over others linked to a share notion of nationalism

Question 13

monsoon

Answer 13

the seasonal pattern of changes in winds, heat, and moisture in South Asia and other regions of the world that is a product of larger meteorological forces of land and water heating , the resultant pressure gradients and jet stream dynamics

Question 14

Mongol Empire

Answer 14

powerful Muslims state that ruled most of northern South Asia in the 1500s and 1600s.

-ended in 1857

Question 15

Orographic rainfall

Answer 15

enhanced precipitation over uplands that results from the lifting and cooling of air masses as they are forced over mountains

Question 16

rain shadow effect

Answer 16

a rain shadow is caused by warming air as it descends down a mountain range this warming increases the ability of an air mass to hold moisture

Question 17

Salinization

Answer 17

the accumulation of salts in the upper layers of soils, often causing a reduction in crop yields, resulting from irrigation using water with high salt content or irrigation of soils with a high level of mineral salts

Question 18

Sikhism

Answer 18

an Indian religion combining Islamic and Hindu elements founded in the Punjab region in the late 15th century . Most of the people in the Punjab state follow this religion