Chapter 9 - Attitudes and Values Flashcards
Milton Rokeach’s TERMINAL AND INSTRUMENTAL VALUES approach explains as?
Individual values are ranked in a hierarchy
known as a value system
Rokeach classified values into 2 categories what are they?
Terminal - end goals people sought
Instrumental - methods used to obtain end goals
According to Rokeach values influence our decisions and consequently our behaviour in many ways. Name 7.
1) position on SOCIAL ISSUES
2) RELIGION selection
3) SELF-IMAGE
4) guide our JUDGEMENTS
5) decide what is MORAL AND COMPETENT
6) what we choose to INFLUENCE AND CHANGE
7) RATIONALISE and explain our unacceptable behavior
Give a few examples of Terminal Values?
Comfortable life Sense of accomplishment World at peace Inner harmony Freedom Salvation Self respect Wisdom True friendship
Give examples of instrumental values.
Ambitious Clean / tidy Cheerful Loving Obedient Responsible Polite Intellectual Independent Honest
Sprangler defined values as “ the constellation of likes, dislikes, viewpoints, shoulds, inner inclinations ect.” He identified 6 value-orientations that FORM PART OF PERSONALITY.
1) THEORETICAL value orientation (truth and systematic ordering of knowledge)
2) ECONOMIC value orientation (toward what is useful in life)
3) SOCIAL value orientation (well-being of others)
4) POWER (political) value orientation (most leaders, competitive, influential)
5) RELIGIOUS value orientation (spiritual foundation in everything)
6) AESTHETIC value orientation (artistic aspects of life)
Values form the core of?
Personality
Through Sprangler’s 6 value orientations used in a Psychological Test nl. Allport-Vernon-Lindzey study of values, it was shown that the AESTHETIC value orientated related to which personality traits?
Sensitivity
Radicalism
Tendency towards unconventionality and self-actualisation
Aversion to economic and political values
What is Schwartz’s UNIVERSAL THEORY about?
He identified 6 values he believed were present in all people to varying degrees.
Schwartz, in his UNIVERSAL VALUES theory explained values as?
1) BELIEFS not objective cold ideas
2) MOTIVATIONAL construct
3) ABSTRACT GOALS
4) GUIDANCE in selecting and evaluation of actions, people ect
5) HIERARCHY featured
Name the 10 motivational type values Schwartz proposed existed over all cultures.
1) POWER - drive for social status
2) ACHIEVEMENT - personal success
3) HEDONISM - self gratification
4) STIMULATION - drive for excitement
5) SELF-DIRECTION - independence
6) UNIVERSALISM - social justice, equality, tolerant
7) BENEVOLENCE - helpful, honest, forgiving
8) TRADITION - respect
9) CONFORMITY - self disciplined, honour parents
10) SECURITY - safety, harmony
Research by Ungerer, using Schwart’s Universal Value Theory fiund that consumers displayed which 4 values quite strongly?
Power
Hedonism
Stimulation
Achievement
12 Guidelines to managing diversity in the workplace.
Testing one’s assumptions
Developing multiple ways of achieving goals
Honest relationships
Feedback
Committees that are diverse
Examining existing policies
Constructive suggestions
Actions against managers who discriminate
Efforts to meet employment equity
Good understanding of institutionalisms (racism ect)
Make advancement accessible to everyone
Which 3 factors contribute to work satisfaction?
Mentally challenging work
Equitable rewards
Working conditions
The customs and manners of a society are known as?
Folkways
