Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards
Functional classification of joints
- synarthroses
- amphiarthroses
- diarthroses
Synarthroses
immobile joints; can be fibrous or cartilaginous joints
Amphiarthroses
slightly mobile joints; can be fibrous or cartilaginous joints
Diarthroses
freely mobile joints; all synovial joints
Structural classification of joints
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
Fibrous joints
- gomphoses
- sutures
-syndesmoses
Gomphoses
“peg in socket”; articulations of teeth
Suture
completely fused across the suture line; skull bones
Syndesmoses
provides the pivot for two long bones; found between the radius and ulna and between the tibia and fibula
Cartilaginous joints
- synchondroses
- symphyses
Synchondroses
immobile; bones joined by hyaline cartilage; found connecting the ribs to the sternum
Symphyses
resist compression and act as shock absorbers; allow slight mobility; pads of fibrocartilage between articulating bones; found in the pubic symphysis and in between vertebrae
Synovial joints
- bones separated by a joint cavity
- include most joints in the body
- diarthrosis
examples: - elbow
- knee
- ankle
Basic features of synovial joints
- articular capsule and joint cavity
- synovial fluid
- articular cartilage
- ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels
What is the relationship between mobility and stability?
they are inversely related; the more mobile a joint, the less stable it is and the more stable, the less mobile it is
Abduction
lateral movement of body part away from midline
Adduction
medial movement of body part toward midline
Dorsiflexion
dorsum of the foot/hand moves closer to the body
ex. digging in your heels so the dorsum of the foot is closer to the leg
Plantar flexion
dorsum of the foot/hand moves farther from the body
ex. pointing your toes
Flexion
brings bones closer together
ex. bending finger, bending knee
Extension
increases the angle between articulating bones
ex. straightening arm, fingers or legs
Pronation
medial rotation of forearm to palm of hand is posterior
Supination
lateral rotation of forearm so palm of hand is anterior
Elevation
superior movement of a body part
ex. lift shoulders
Depression
inferior movement of a body part
ex. opening your mouth
Eversion
sole turns laterally
Inversion
sole turns medially
Opposition
movement of thumb toward tips of fingers at carpometacarpal joint
Reposition
opposite movement of opposition
