Chapter 9: Articulations

Question 1

Functional classification of joints

Answer 1

• synarthroses
• amphiarthroses
• diarthroses

Question 2

Synarthroses

Answer 2

immobile joints; can be fibrous or cartilaginous joints

Question 3

Amphiarthroses

Answer 3

slightly mobile joints; can be fibrous or cartilaginous joints

Question 4

Diarthroses

Answer 4

freely mobile joints; all synovial joints

Question 5

Structural classification of joints

Answer 5

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

Question 6

Fibrous joints

Answer 6

• gomphoses
• sutures
  -syndesmoses

Question 7

Gomphoses

Answer 7

“peg in socket”; articulations of teeth

Question 8

Suture

Answer 8

completely fused across the suture line; skull bones

Question 9

Syndesmoses

Answer 9

provides the pivot for two long bones; found between the radius and ulna and between the tibia and fibula

Question 10

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 10

• synchondroses
• symphyses

Question 11

Synchondroses

Answer 11

immobile; bones joined by hyaline cartilage; found connecting the ribs to the sternum

Question 12

Symphyses

Answer 12

resist compression and act as shock absorbers; allow slight mobility; pads of fibrocartilage between articulating bones; found in the pubic symphysis and in between vertebrae

Question 13

Synovial joints

Answer 13

• bones separated by a joint cavity
• include most joints in the body
• diarthrosis
  examples:
• elbow
• knee
• ankle

Question 14

Basic features of synovial joints

Answer 14

• articular capsule and joint cavity
• synovial fluid
• articular cartilage
• ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels

Question 15

What is the relationship between mobility and stability?

Answer 15

they are inversely related; the more mobile a joint, the less stable it is and the more stable, the less mobile it is

Question 16

Abduction

Answer 16

lateral movement of body part away from midline

Question 17

Adduction

Answer 17

medial movement of body part toward midline

Question 18

Dorsiflexion

Answer 18

dorsum of the foot/hand moves closer to the body
ex. digging in your heels so the dorsum of the foot is closer to the leg

Question 19

Plantar flexion

Answer 19

dorsum of the foot/hand moves farther from the body
ex. pointing your toes

Question 20

Flexion

Answer 20

brings bones closer together
ex. bending finger, bending knee

Question 21

Extension

Answer 21

increases the angle between articulating bones
ex. straightening arm, fingers or legs

Question 22

Pronation

Answer 22

medial rotation of forearm to palm of hand is posterior

Question 23

Supination

Answer 23

lateral rotation of forearm so palm of hand is anterior

Question 24

Elevation

Answer 24

superior movement of a body part
ex. lift shoulders

Question 25

Depression

Answer 25

inferior movement of a body part ex. opening your mouth

Question 26

Eversion

Answer 26

sole turns laterally

Question 27

Inversion

Answer 27

sole turns medially

Question 28

Opposition

Answer 28

movement of thumb toward tips of fingers at carpometacarpal joint

Question 29

Reposition

Answer 29

opposite movement of opposition