Chapter 9 Articulations Flashcards
Synarthrosis
Fibrous joint
A point where adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the other
3 kinds of fibrous (synarthrosis) joints
Sutures
Gomphoses
Syndesmoses
Syndesmosis
Fibrous joint where 2 bones are bound by longer collagenous fibers than in a suture or gomphosis giving the bones more mobility
Interosseus membrane
Synchondrosis
Cartilaginous joint
Bones bound by hyaline cartilage
Symphysis
Cartilaginous joint
Two bones joined by fibrocartilage
Found in pubic symphysis (interpubic disc) and
Between bodies of vertebrae (intervertebral disc)
Synovial joint
Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity
Most familiar type of joint
Lever
Any elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum
Long bones act as levers to enhance the speed or power of limb movements
Rotation
Rotation occurs when an effort applied overcomes resistance (load) at some other point
Range of motion
The degrees through which a joint can move
Range of motion determined by:
Structure of the articular surfaces
Strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules
Action of the muscles and tendons
Axes of rotation
A moving bone has a relatively stationary axis of rotation that passes through the bone in a direction perpendicular to the plane of movement
Multiaxial joint
Shoulder joint has three degrees of freedom or axes of rotation
Other joint based off axes of rotation
Monoaxial
Biaxial
Ball and socket joint
Smooth hemispherical head that fits within a cup like socket
Shoulder joint
Hip joint
The only multiaxial joints in the body
Condyloid (ellipsoid) joints
Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other
Radio carpal joint of the wrist
Matacarpophalangeal joints
Biaxial joints
Saddle joints
Both bones have an articular surface that is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the other
Trapeziometacarpal joint at base of thumb
Sternoclavicular joint
Biaxial joint
Plane (gliding) joints
Flat articular surfaces in which bones slide over each other with relatively limited movement
Usually Biaxial 
Carpal bones of wrist, tarsal bones of ankle, articular processes of vertebrae
Hinge joints
One bone with convex surface that fits into a concave depression on other bones
Elbow joint (ulna and humerus)
Knee joint ( femur and tibia)
Finger and toe joints
Monoaxial 
Pivot joints
One bone has a projection that is held in place by a ring like a ligament
Bone spins on its longitudinal axis
Atlantoaxial joint (dens of axis and atlas)
Monoaxial joint
Flexion
Movement that decreases the a joint angle
Common in hinge joints
Extension
Movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position
Hyperextension
Further extension of a joint beyond the zero position
Abduction
Movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement in the frontal plane back toward the middle line
Elevation
A movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane
Depression
Lowers a body part in the same plane
Protraction
The anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane
Retraction
Posterior movement
Circumduction
One end of an appendage remain stationary while the other end makes a circular motion
A sequence of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction movements
Rotation
Movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis
Rotation of trunk, thigh, head or arm
Medial rotation
Turns the bone inward
Lateral rotation
Turns the body outwards
Supination
Forearm movement that turns the palm to face anteriorly or upward
Radius is parallel to the ulna 
Pronation
Forearm movement that turns the palm to face posteriorly or downward
Radius crosses stationary ulna like an x
Movements of head and trunk
Flexion, hyperextension, and lateral flexion of vertebral column
Rotation of trunk and head
Right and left rotation of trunk
Right and left rotation of head
Social movements of mandible
Lateral excursion- right or left movement from the zero position
Medial excursion- movement back to the median, zero position
Protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression
Special movements of the foot
Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, subornation of foot, pronation of foot
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Patellar surface
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Lateral condyle
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Fibular collateral ligament
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Lateral meniscus
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Transverse ligament
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Patellar ligament
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Tibial collateral ligament
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Medial meniscus
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Anterior cruciate ligament
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Posterior cruciate ligament
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Medial condyle
Knee joint: what is this feature?
Articular cartilage of tibia
