Chapter 20 The Vascular System Flashcards
Cardiovascular System Circuit: Left side of the heart (systemic circuit)
Pumps fully oxygenated blood out via the aorta, travels on the arterial system to capillary beds. Then once at the capillary bed the plasma of the blood will leak out and bathe the tissues. The interstitial fluid (plasma) is reabsorbed unit the vascular system at the Venus side of the capillary bed then deoxygenated. Then travels via the Venus system to the vena cava where it enters the right side of the heart.
Cardiovascular System Circuit: right side of the heart (pulmonary circuit)
Pumps oxygen poor blood via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs where the lungs oxygenate the blood. Then travels back via the pulmonary vein and enters heart via the left atrium.
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart
Veins
Carry blood back to heart
Capillaries
Connect smallest arteries to veins
Elastic artery/ trunk artery
Largest of the arteries
They are elastic so the absorb the blood pressure as it leaves the heart
Muscular artery
Branch off from elastic arteries
They are able to vasodilator and vasoconstrict to control blood pressure
Arteriole
They branch off to the capillary beds
Smaller
Large vein
companion vessel to an elastic artery
Has valves
Medium sized vein
Companion vessel to muscular artery
Also has valves
Carry blood up to the main trunk/ the inferior vena cava
Venule
Companion to arteriole artery
Will take blood directly from a capillary bed and take it to the medium vein
Continuous capillary
The most common capillary
The blood flow directly through it
These are the ones that leak plasma/interstitial fluid through intercellular cleft
Pinocytosis
When there is vesicular transport through a cell
Fenestrated capillary
Used to leak out vast amounts of fluid when needed
They have filtration pores that allow more las a to leak out
Does the same ones the other capillaries do as well
Found in the urinary system
Sinusoidal capillary
Has a dead end
Found in liver
Blood travels to the sinusoid and the blood is filtered through the cells a passed out elsewhere
Capillary bed sphincters open
When sphincters are open, the capillaries are well perfused
three-fourths of the capillaries body are shut down
Capillary bed sphincters closed
When the sphincters are closed, little to no blood flow occurs
(Skeletal muscles at rest)
Veins (Capacitance vessels)
Greater capacity for blood containment than arteries
Collapse when empty
Thinner walls, flaccid, less muscular and elastic tissue
Circulatory routes: simple pathway
heart-> arteries->arterioles->capillaries->venules->veins
Passes through only one network of capillaries from the heart and to when it returns
Circulatory routes: Portal system
Has 2 consecutive capillary beds
Something is put into the blood in the first capillary bed an the second capillary bed takes that cargo out of the blood directly without it having to return to the heart
Anastomosis
The point where two blood vessels merge
Arteriovenous anastomosis (shunt)
Artery flows directly into vein bypassing capillaries
Venous anastomosis
Most common
One vein empties directly into another
Reason vein blockage is less serious than an arterial blockage
Arterial anastomosis
Two arteries merge
Provides collateral routes of blood supply to a tissue
Coronary circulation and around joints
