Chapter 12 Nervous System Flashcards
What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
What parts are in the central nervous system?
the brain and spinal cord.
What is an afferent neuron?
A sensory neuron in the peripheral NS that conduct signals from receptors to the CNS.
What are interneurons?
Association neurons that are confined to the CNS.
What are efferent neurons?
Motor neurons in the peripheral NS that conduct signals from CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands
What is a soma?
The control center of the neuron, also called the cell body
What is an axon?
It is a nerve fiber and originated from a mound on one side of the soma called the axon hillock
There is only one per neuron and Schwann cells and myelin sheath enclose the axon
What is the axolemma?
The plasma membrane on an axon
Synaptic knob
The terminal button this is a little swelling that forms a synapse with the next cell
What type of neuron is this?
Multipolar neuron
It has one axon and multiple dendrites
What type of neuron is this?
Bipolar neuron
It has one axon and one dendrite
Found in olfactory cells, retina, and inner ear
What type of neuron is this?
Unipolar neuron has one single process leading away from the soma
Sensory from skin and organs to the spinal cord
What type of neuron is this?
Axoaxonic neuron has many dendrites but no axon
Helps in visual processes
Microglia
A type of immune system cell that travels around the CNS and cleans up other cellular debris
Oligodendrocyte
Cell that produced the myelin sheath
Astrocyte
Take up blood from a blood vessel, filter it, and feed the neuron
Ependymal cell
Produces cerebro spinal fluid (CSF)
