Chapter 9 Flashcards
Open-Ended Items
Allows the participant to respond in his or her own words
Restricted (Closed-Ended) Items
Provide a limited number of specific response alternatives
Partially Open-Ended Items
Resemble restricted items but provide an additional, “other” category and an opportunity to give an answer not listed among the specific alternatives
Mail Survey
When you mail a questionnaire directly to your participants
Nonresponse Bias
Occurs when a large proportion of participants fail to complete and return your questionnaire
Internet Surveys
Can be distributed via email or listservs or posted on a website
Telephone Survey
When you contact participants by telephone rather than by mail or via the internet
Face-to-Face Interview
Talking to each participant directly
Mixed-Mode Survey
Employing more than one survey technique
Probability Sampling
Each member of a population has a known probability of being in the sample
Representative Sample
Closely matches the characteristic of the population
Biased Sample
A sample that does not represent the population
Simple Random Sampling
Randomly selecting a certain number of individuals from the population
Stratified Sampling
Provides one way to obtain a representative sample
Proportionate Sampling
The proportions of people in the population are reflected in your sample
Systematic Sampling
A popular technique that is often used to conjunction with stratified sampling. Involves sampling every kth element after a random start
Cluster Sampling
Differs form the other forms of sampling already discussed in that the basic sampling unit is a group of participants (the cluster) rather than the individual participant
Multistage Sampling
A variant of cluster sampling in which you begin by identifying large clusters and randomly selecting from among them (first stage). Then from selected clusters, you then randomly select individual elements (rather than selecting all elements in the cluster). Can be combined with stratification procedures to ensure a representative sample
Sampling Error
The extent to which the characteristics of your sample differ from those of the population
