Chapter 9

Question 1

Open-Ended Items

Answer 1

Allows the participant to respond in his or her own words

Question 2

Restricted (Closed-Ended) Items

Answer 2

Provide a limited number of specific response alternatives

Question 3

Partially Open-Ended Items

Answer 3

Resemble restricted items but provide an additional, “other” category and an opportunity to give an answer not listed among the specific alternatives

Question 4

Mail Survey

Answer 4

When you mail a questionnaire directly to your participants

Question 5

Nonresponse Bias

Answer 5

Occurs when a large proportion of participants fail to complete and return your questionnaire

Question 6

Internet Surveys

Answer 6

Can be distributed via email or listservs or posted on a website

Question 7

Telephone Survey

Answer 7

When you contact participants by telephone rather than by mail or via the internet

Question 8

Face-to-Face Interview

Answer 8

Talking to each participant directly

Question 9

Mixed-Mode Survey

Answer 9

Employing more than one survey technique

Question 10

Probability Sampling

Answer 10

Each member of a population has a known probability of being in the sample

Question 11

Representative Sample

Answer 11

Closely matches the characteristic of the population

Question 12

Biased Sample

Answer 12

A sample that does not represent the population

Question 13

Simple Random Sampling

Answer 13

Randomly selecting a certain number of individuals from the population

Question 14

Stratified Sampling

Answer 14

Provides one way to obtain a representative sample

Question 15

Proportionate Sampling

Answer 15

The proportions of people in the population are reflected in your sample

Question 16

Systematic Sampling

Answer 16

A popular technique that is often used to conjunction with stratified sampling. Involves sampling every kth element after a random start

Question 17

Cluster Sampling

Answer 17

Differs form the other forms of sampling already discussed in that the basic sampling unit is a group of participants (the cluster) rather than the individual participant

Question 18

Multistage Sampling

Answer 18

A variant of cluster sampling in which you begin by identifying large clusters and randomly selecting from among them (first stage). Then from selected clusters, you then randomly select individual elements (rather than selecting all elements in the cluster). Can be combined with stratification procedures to ensure a representative sample

Question 19

Sampling Error

Answer 19

The extent to which the characteristics of your sample differ from those of the population