Chapter 13

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

Allow you to summarize the properties of an entire distribution of scores with just a few numbers

Question 2

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

Answer 2

Used to search for patterns in data

Question 3

Dummy Codes

Answer 3

Identify category values as numbers to simplify data entry

Question 4

Bar Graph

Answer 4

Presents your data as bars extending away from the axis representing your independent variable (usually the x-axis although this convention is not always followed)

Question 5

Line Graph

Answer 5

Represents data as a series of points connected by a line

Question 6

Scatter Plot

Answer 6

The data from two dependent measures shows correlations

Question 7

Pie Graph

Answer 7

Shows data in the form of proportions or percentages

Question 8

Frequency Distribution

Answer 8

Consists of a set of mutually exclusive categories (classes) into which you sort the actual values observed in your data, together with a count of the number of data values falling into each category

Question 9

Histograms

Answer 9

Resembles a bar graph but shows frequencies

Question 10

Stemplot

Answer 10

Displays distributions

Question 11

Skewed Distribution

Answer 11

Has a long tail trailing off in one direction and a short tail extending in the other

Question 12

Normal Distribution

Answer 12

The bell curve

Question 13

Outliers

Answer 13

Gaps in the extreme range

Question 14

Resistant measures

Answer 14

Tend to resist distortion by outliers

Question 15

Measure of Center (Measure of Central Tendency)

Answer 15

Gives you a single score that represents the general magnitude of scores in a distributions

Question 16

Measure of Spread (Variability)

Answer 16

How does the data vary from itself

Question 17

Five-Number Summary

Answer 17

Provides a useful way to boil down a distribution into just a few easily grasped numbers, several of which are resistant to the effect of skew and outliers and all of which are based on the ranks of the scores

Question 18

Boxplot

Answer 18

Shows the five number summary

Question 19

Point-Biserial Correlation

Answer 19

Used when one variable is continuous and the other dichotomous (having two possible values)

Question 20

Rho

Answer 20

Used either when your data are scaled on an ordinal scale (or greater) or when you want to determine whether the relationship between variables is monotonic

Question 21

Phi Coefficient

Answer 21

Used when both of the variables being correlated are measured on a dichotomous scale

Question 22

Linear Regression

Answer 22

Simple correlational techniques, establishes the direction and degree of relationship between two variables

Question 23

Bivariate Linear Regression

Answer 23

Used to find the straight line that best fits the data plotted on a scatter plot

Question 24

Least-Squares Regression Line

Answer 24

Measured from the y-axis to minimize the sum of the squared deviations

Question 25

Standard Error Estimate

Answer 25

Estimate of the amount of error in prediction

Question 26

Coefficient of Determination

Answer 26

The square of the correlation coefficient

Question 27

Coefficient of Nondetermination

Answer 27

Subtracting Coefficient of Determination from 1.0

Question 28

Correlation Martix

Answer 28

After computing all possible correlations, displaying them in a table to make it easier to read