Chapter 5 Flashcards
Reliability
Concerns its ability to produce similar results when repeated measurement are made under identical conditions
Test-Retest Reliability
Administering the same test twice, separated by a relatively long interval of time, to the same individuals
Parallel-Forms Reliability
Same as test-retest except that the form of the test used on first administration is replaced on second administration by a parallel form
Split-Half Reliability
The two parallel forms of the test are intermingled in a single test and administered together in one sitting
Accuracy
Describes a measure that produces results that agree with a known standard
Validity
The extent to which it measure what you intended it to measure
Face Validity
Describes how well a measurement instrument appears to measure what is was designed to measure
Content Validity
Has to do with how adequately the content of a test samples the knowledge, skills, or behaviors that the test is intended to measure
Criterion-Related Validity
Reflects how adequately a test score can be used to infer an individuals’s value on some criterion measure
Concurrent Validity
If the scores on your test and the criterion are collected at about the same time
Predictive Validity
Comparing the scores on your test with the value of a criterion measure observed at a later time
Construct Validity
Applies when a test is designed to measure a construct which is a variable, not directly observable, that has been developed to explain behavior on the basis of some theory
Nominal Scale
Variables whose values differ in quality and not quantity fall along the scale
Ordinal Scale
Variables are measure along
Interval (Ratio) Scale
When the spacing between values along the scale is known
Range Effects
Occur when the values of a variable have an upper or lower limit, which is encountered during the course of the observation
Behavioral Measure
A dependent measure you record the actual behavior of your subjects
Physiological Measure
A dependent measure that requires special equipment designed to monitor the participant’s bodily functions
Self-Report measure
Takes a variety of forms, commonly a rating scale
Q-Sort Methodology
A qualitative measurement technique that involves involves establishing evaluative categories and sorting items into those categories
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
In the IAT you are presented with a set of words or images that you classify into groups
Demand Characteristics
Cues inadvertently provided by the researcher or research context concerning the purposed of a study or the behavior expected from participants
Role Attitude Cues
Unintended cues in an experiment that suggest to the participants how they are expected to behave
Experimenter Bias
When the behavior of the experimenter influences the results of the experiment
Expectancy Effects
Emerge when a researcher’s preconceived ideas about how participants should behave are subtly communicated to subjects and, in turn, affect the participants’ behavior
Single-Blind Technique
The experimenter does not know which treatment a subject has been assigned to
Double-Blind Technique
Neither the experimenter nor the participants know at the time of testing which treatments the participants are receiving
Pilot Study
A small-scale version of a study used to establish procedures, materials, and parameters to be used in the full study
Manipulation Check
Tests whether or not your independent variables had the intended effects on your participants
