Chapter 5

Question 1

Reliability

Answer 1

Concerns its ability to produce similar results when repeated measurement are made under identical conditions

Question 2

Test-Retest Reliability

Answer 2

Administering the same test twice, separated by a relatively long interval of time, to the same individuals

Question 3

Parallel-Forms Reliability

Answer 3

Same as test-retest except that the form of the test used on first administration is replaced on second administration by a parallel form

Question 4

Split-Half Reliability

Answer 4

The two parallel forms of the test are intermingled in a single test and administered together in one sitting

Question 5

Accuracy

Answer 5

Describes a measure that produces results that agree with a known standard

Question 6

Validity

Answer 6

The extent to which it measure what you intended it to measure

Question 7

Face Validity

Answer 7

Describes how well a measurement instrument appears to measure what is was designed to measure

Question 8

Content Validity

Answer 8

Has to do with how adequately the content of a test samples the knowledge, skills, or behaviors that the test is intended to measure

Question 9

Criterion-Related Validity

Answer 9

Reflects how adequately a test score can be used to infer an individuals’s value on some criterion measure

Question 10

Concurrent Validity

Answer 10

If the scores on your test and the criterion are collected at about the same time

Question 11

Predictive Validity

Answer 11

Comparing the scores on your test with the value of a criterion measure observed at a later time

Question 12

Construct Validity

Answer 12

Applies when a test is designed to measure a construct which is a variable, not directly observable, that has been developed to explain behavior on the basis of some theory

Question 13

Nominal Scale

Answer 13

Variables whose values differ in quality and not quantity fall along the scale

Question 14

Ordinal Scale

Answer 14

Variables are measure along

Question 15

Interval (Ratio) Scale

Answer 15

When the spacing between values along the scale is known

Question 16

Range Effects

Answer 16

Occur when the values of a variable have an upper or lower limit, which is encountered during the course of the observation

Question 17

Behavioral Measure

Answer 17

A dependent measure you record the actual behavior of your subjects

Question 18

Physiological Measure

Answer 18

A dependent measure that requires special equipment designed to monitor the participant’s bodily functions

Question 19

Self-Report measure

Answer 19

Takes a variety of forms, commonly a rating scale

Question 20

Q-Sort Methodology

Answer 20

A qualitative measurement technique that involves involves establishing evaluative categories and sorting items into those categories

Question 21

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Answer 21

In the IAT you are presented with a set of words or images that you classify into groups

Question 22

Demand Characteristics

Answer 22

Cues inadvertently provided by the researcher or research context concerning the purposed of a study or the behavior expected from participants

Question 23

Role Attitude Cues

Answer 23

Unintended cues in an experiment that suggest to the participants how they are expected to behave

Question 24

Experimenter Bias

Answer 24

When the behavior of the experimenter influences the results of the experiment

Question 25

Expectancy Effects

Answer 25

Emerge when a researcher’s preconceived ideas about how participants should behave are subtly communicated to subjects and, in turn, affect the participants’ behavior

Question 26

Single-Blind Technique

Answer 26

The experimenter does not know which treatment a subject has been assigned to

Question 27

Double-Blind Technique

Answer 27

Neither the experimenter nor the participants know at the time of testing which treatments the participants are receiving

Question 28

Pilot Study

Answer 28

A small-scale version of a study used to establish procedures, materials, and parameters to be used in the full study

Question 29

Manipulation Check

Answer 29

Tests whether or not your independent variables had the intended effects on your participants