Chapter 2

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

Scientifically acceptable, well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena and predict characteristics of as yet unobserved phenomena”

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation

Question 3

Law

Answer 3

Empirically verified, quantitative relationship between two or more variables

Question 4

Model

Answer 4

Refers to a specific implementation of a more general theoretical view

Question 5

Mechanistic Explanation

Answer 5

Describes the mechanism (physical components) and the chain of cause and effect through which conditions act on the mechanism to produce behavior; describes how something works

Question 6

Functional Explanation

Answer 6

Describes an attribute of something (such as physical attractiveness) in terms of its function - what it does

Question 7

Quantitative Theory

Answer 7

Defines the relationships between its variables and constants in a set of mathematical formulas

Question 8

Qualitative Theory

Answer 8

And theory that is not quantitative

Question 9

Descriptive Theory

Answer 9

Merely describes a relationship

Question 10

Analogical Theory

Answer 10

Explains a relationship through analogy

Question 11

Fundamental Theory

Answer 11

Distinguish them from the more superficial descriptive and analogical types

Question 12

Domain

Answer 12

Scope, the range of situations to which the theory may be legitimately applied

Question 13

Conformational Strategy

Answer 13

Strategy of looking for confirmation of the theory’s predictions

Question 14

Disconformational Strategy

Answer 14

Positive results will disconfirm the prediction

Question 15

Strong Inference

Answer 15

Continue this process until only one alternative remains