Chapter 9

Question 1

ALCOHOL

Answer 1

aka ethanol

Question 2

3 CLASSES OF ETHANOL

Answer 2

beer
wine
hard liquor

Question 3

OFF CHARTS

Answer 3

beer is made from rice & grain
whiskey is distilled from beer
rum is distilled from fermented molasses
gin & vodka are from fermented carbohydrates

Question 4

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Answer 4

alcohol percentages are denoted by volume
alcohol content is in proof
2 times the percentage of alcohol
ex. 50% alcohol means 100% proof

Question 5

FERMENTATION

Answer 5

starts when sugar is dissolved in water then exposed to air
once exposed to air the yeast sets in and eats up the sugar left over
NO FERMENTED DRINK WILL BE ABOVE 15%

Question 6

DISTILLATION

Answer 6

created to increase ethanol content of fermented beverages

involves heating a fermented mixture

Question 7

TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

Answer 7

saloons were the focal scape goat during this movement

turned into an abstinence from alcohol movement

Question 8

PROHIBITION

Answer 8

came about in 1920

ended in 1933

Question 9

SITE OF ACTION

Answer 9

serotonin
dopamine
main site of action is GABA benzodiazapine receptors
mixing alcohol with barbituates can result in an unexpected death

Question 10

ABSORPTION

Answer 10

stomach to small intestines

Question 11

DISTRIBUTION

Answer 11

blood alcohol content -> amount of alcohol in the blood
expressed as a % of weight of alcohol per 100 units of blood volume
legal dose -> .08%
lethal dose -> .45 - .5%

Question 12

METABOLISM

Answer 12

90% in the liver is turned into carbon dioxide and water

Question 13

EXCRETION

Answer 13

10% is in pure form

Question 14

PEAK ALCOHOL LEVELS

Answer 14

30 - 90 minutes later

Question 15

PYLORUS

Answer 15

valve that separates the stomach from the SI it shuts when you have consumed a certain amount of alcohol -> pylorus spasm

Question 16

ESTIMATED BAC

Answer 16

of standard drinks X .025 – # of hours since drinking began X .015

Question 17

WITHDRAWAL PHASES

Answer 17

1. shakes, vomiting, sweating
2. grand mal seizures
3. confusion, disorientation, hallucinations

Question 18

THERAPEUTIC USES

Answer 18

cough syrups
mouth wash
stimulate appetite and digestion
skin problems 
treating fevers
chronic pain

Question 19

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Answer 19

increase urination
reduce amount of body fat that is oxidized 
increase gastric secretion 
blackouts/grayouts 
peripheral dilation -> skin feels warm

Question 20

SENSORIMOTOR EFFECTS

Answer 20

decrease vision
decrease taste & smell
decrease pain receptors
slows simple reaction times
  BAC .1
slows complex reaction time 
  BAC .05

Question 21

ALCOHOL AND DRIVING ABILITY

Answer 21

MAD -> Mothers Against Drunk Driving
SAD -> Students Against Drunk Driving
motor vehicle accidents
leading cause of death in those <24

Question 22

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Answer 22

estimating time

alcohol is depressant

Question 23

ALCOHOL AND AGGRESSION

Answer 23

intentions on harming someone
commit violent acts 
  murder
  rape
  robery
domestic violence 
  25 - 50% involved with alcohol

Question 24

ALCOHOL AND SEX

Answer 24

decreases sexual abilities

especially in women

Question 25

VERNICKES DISEASE

Answer 25

deficiency with vitamin B1 (thyamine)

loss of memory -> mostly long term memory

Question 26

KORSAKOFF SYNDROME

Answer 26

issues with alcohol

loss of memory

Question 27

FATTY LIVER

Answer 27

benign affect

earliest seen

Question 28

ALCOHOL HEPATITIS

Answer 28

involves death of liver cells
causes jaundice
can be reversed

Question 29

CIRRHOSIS

Answer 29

most severe
alcohol dependence is the leading cause 
kills 25,000 a year 
no reversible 
most die within the first 5 years

Question 30

MEN

Answer 30

gynecomastia
  males with boobs
loss of sexual desire
drop in sexual performance 
sterility

Question 31

WOMEN

Answer 31

dysfunction of the ovaries
disruption in fertilization
amenorrhea