Chapter 8

Question 1

HISTORY OF CAFFEINE USE

Answer 1

alcohol, nicotine, caffeine have had greater impact on civilization than any other known drug
90% of the worlds population consumes some sort of caffeine on a regular basis

Question 2

“CRADLE TO GRAVE” DRUG

Answer 2

the only drug known that people consume from the time they are born till the time they die

Question 3

PREVALENCE OF CAFFEINE

Answer 3

the average consumptoin
   worldwide -> is 70MG a day 
   U.S. -> triple the world
the U.K. prefers tea as their caffiene
Scandinavian countries -> biggest consumers of caffeine

Question 4

PHARMACOLOGY

Answer 4

the neurotransmitter ADENOSINE is blocked by caffeine intake
absorption-> GI tract
distribution -> 2.5 - 7.5 hours (half-life)
metabolism -> liver

Question 5

CAFFEINE’S PRIMARY ACTION

Answer 5

the stimulation of the CNS

Question 6

PEAK LEVELS

Answer 6

15 - 45 minutes after ingested

then the caffeine is evenly distributed throughout the body

Question 7

WHAT SLOWS DOWN METABOLISM AND EXCRETION?

Answer 7

liver disease
oral contraceptives
pregnancy

Question 8

WHAT SPEEDS UP METABOLISM AND EXCRETION?

Answer 8

smoking cigarettes

Question 9

CAFFEINE WITHDRAWAL

Answer 9

can meet the criteria for substance use
most common w/d signs: headache & fatigue 
symptoms: (range from mild -> severe)
  12 - 24 hours after stopping
  last a week
  11% experience withdrawal symptoms

Question 10

TOLERANCE

Answer 10

will not develop to stimulant effects

Question 11

PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

Answer 11

can happen within 3 days of regular use

Question 12

BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Answer 12

mood elevation
performance
hand eye coordination decreases

Question 13

INTERACTIONS AMONG CAFFEINE, NICOTINE, AND ALCOHOL

Answer 13

smokers, smoke fewer cigarettes after they drink coffee
smoking & caffeine increase metabolism
state dependent learning has a lot to do with these drugs and their interactions together

Question 14

CAFFEINISM

Answer 14

caffeine intoxication -> ~600MG of caffeine a day
by taking in more than 1,000MG of caffeine
trimmers
increase HR

Question 15

LETHAL DOSE

Answer 15

about 10g for adults
equal to 75 cups of coffee
equal to 200 soft drinks

Question 16

EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTION

Answer 16

will not be affected with moderate doses

if you drink caffeine regularly results in lower rates of conception

Question 17

EFFECTS ON MEDICAL PROBLEMS

Answer 17

cancer
heart attacks
no solid evidence

Question 18

EFFECTS ON OSTEOPOROSIS

Answer 18

in post-menopausal women

Question 19

EFFECTS ON CHOLESTEROL

Answer 19

increase caffeine causes an increase in cholesterol

Question 20

EFFECTS ON CHRONIC DISEASES

Answer 20

can help prevent: 
  liver disease
  Parkinson 
  type 2 diabetes 
  Alzheimer

Question 21

EFFECTS ON ANXIETY

Answer 21

caffeine and anxiety do not mix

caffeine is a stimulant, if you are already anxious your body is already in overdrive

Question 22

THERAPEUTIC USES

Answer 22

headaches and colds
counteract side effects of other medications
appetite suppressant