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Sociology 1101 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Racial group

A

group set apart from others because of obvious physical differences

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2
Q

Ethnic group

A

group set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns

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3
Q

Minority group

A

subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives

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4
Q

Properties of minority groups include

A 
Unequal treatment
Distinguishing physical or cultural characteristics
Involuntary membership
Solidarity
In-group marriage
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5
Q

Racial group refers

A

to minorities who are set apart from others by obvious physical differences

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6
Q

Social Construction of Race

A

Society socially constructs which differences are important

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7
Q

Racial formation

A

sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed

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8
Q

Ethnic group set apart from others because

A

of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns

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9
Q

Prejudice

A

negative attitude toward an entire category of people

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10
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

tendency to assume one’s culture and way of life are superior to others

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11
Q

Racism

A

belief that one race is supreme and others are innately inferior

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12
Q

Stereotypes

A

unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group

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13
Q

Color-blind racism

A

use of principle of race neutrality to defend racially unequal status quo

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14
Q

Discrimination

A

denial of opportunities and equal rights to people on an arbitrary basis

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15
Q

Glass ceiling

A

invisible barrier blocking promotion of qualified individuals in work environment because of gender, race, or ethnicity

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16
Q

White privilege

A

rights or immunities granted to people as a benefit or favor simply because they are White

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17
Q

Institutional Discrimination

A

Denial of opportunities and equal rights that results from operations of a society

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18
Q

Affirmative action

A

positive efforts to recruit minority members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities

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19
Q

Functionalists

A

racial prejudice and discrimination positive for dominant groups

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20
Q

Conflict theorists

A

economic structure a central factor in exploitation of minorities

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21
Q

Labeling theorists

A

ways minorities are singled out for differential treatment by law enforcement

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22
Q

Interactionists

A

everyday contact contributes to tolerance or hostility

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23
Q

Nash’s three functions that racially prejudiced beliefs provide to the dominant group

A

Moral justification for maintaining unequal society
Discourage subordinate groups from questioning their status
Suggest that any major social change would bring greater poverty to the minority

24
Q

Rose

A

dysfunctions associated with racism

25
Q

Exploitation theory

A

racism keeps minorities in low-paying jobs and supplies dominant group with cheap labor

26
Q

Racial profiling

A

arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on person’s behavior

27
Q

Contact hypothesis

A

interracial contact between people of equal status in cooperative circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon old stereotypes

28
Q

Genocide

A

deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation

29
Q

Expulsion of a people

A

another extreme means of acting out racial or ethnic prejudice

30
Q

Secession

A

failure to resolve ethnic or racial conflict results in drawing formal boundaries between the groups

31
Q

Segregation

A

physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, social events

32
Q

Apartheid

A

Republic of South Africa severely restricted the movement of Blacks and non-Whites

33
Q

Amalgamation

A

happens when majority group and minority group combine to form a new group

34
Q

Assimilation

A

process through which a person forsakes his or her cultural tradition to become part of a different culture

35
Q

Pluralism

A

based on mutual respect among various groups in a society for one another’s cultures

36
Q

Black power

A

rejected assimilation into White middle-class society

37
Q

Chinese Americans

A

Encouraged to immigrate to U.S. from 1850 to 1880

38
Q

Asian Indians

A

Second largest Asian group

Diverse population

39
Q

Filipino Americans

A

Classified as Asian but also reflect centuries of Spanish and U.S. colonial rule

40
Q

remittances

A

Send significant amount of their income back to their extended families

41
Q

Vietnamese Americans

A

Primarily came to U.S. during and after Vietnam War

Gravitated toward the larger urban areas

42
Q

Korean Americans

A

Initial wave between 1903 and 1910
Second wave after Korean War in 1953
Third wave started with 1965 Immigration Act

43
Q

Japanese Americans

A

In August 1943, 113,000 Japanese Americans forced into camps in response to World War II
In 1988, U.S. established $1.25 billion trust fund to pay reparations

44
Q

Issei

A

first generation of Japanese immigrants

45
Q

Arab Americans

A

Cannot be characterized as having specific family type, gender role, or occupational pattern
Profiling of potential terrorists has put Arab and Muslim Americans under surveillance

46
Q

Latinos

A

Largest minority in the U.S. with more than 50 million

47
Q

Census Bureau data

A

Latino population now outnumbers African American population in 6 of the 10 largest U.S. metropolitan areas

48
Q

Mexican Americans

A

Accounted for 42 percent of the nation’s population growth in the 2000–2010 decade
Subdivided into those descended from residents of annexed territories after the Mexican-American War and those who have immigrated from Mexico to the U.S.

49
Q

Puerto Ricans

A

Hold U.S. citizenship
Many migrated to New York and other eastern cities
Experienced serious poverty in the U.S. and on the island
Have not been as successful as Mexican Americans in organizing for their rights

50
Q

Cuban Americans

A

Immigration began in earnest following Castro’s assumption of power in Cuban revolution (1959)
First wave included many professionals
Recent waves of immigrants less likely to be skilled professionals

51
Q

Central and South Americans

A

Immigrants from Central and South America a diverse population that has not been closely studied
Follow complex classification system that recognizes multitude of color gradients
Socially, relations defy generalization

52
Q

Jewish Americans

A

Constitute about 2% of population

Like Japanese, many Jewish immigrants became white-collar professionals despite prejudice, discrimination

53
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

anti-Jewish prejudice

Jews have not achieved equality in the U.S.

54
Q

Symbolic ethnicity

A

emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one’s ethnic heritage

55
Q

Global Immigration

A

Worldwide, immigration at all-time high

Each year, about 191 million people move from one country to another

56
Q

Transnationals

A

immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin with their society of settlement

Sociology 1101 (8 decks)

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